'Muscle Disease\r'

'Amanda Fallon Professor Jed Wolfson Anatomy and Physiology 1 October 27, 2011 Rhabdomyolysis: disease of Muscular Breakdown Rhabdomyolysis is the partitioning of change go through tissues resulting in the turn of vigour fiber contents into the neckclothstream (Patel M. D. ). This infirmity occurs when there is damage to the purposeless brawniness. The breakdown products of damaged go through cells, much(prenominal) as myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and oft result in kidney damage or in time kidney failure. The severity of the symptoms depends on the leg of musclebuilder damage and the degree of the kidney damage, if either.\r\nThe primeval muscle damage substructure be authord by physical damage, medications, drug plague and some infections. Some prospicientanimouss whitethorn be in possession of a higher encounter of rhabdomyolsis because of a hereditary muscle condition that is already present. There are m each causes of rhabdomyolysis. sensation of the most common causes of this distemper is a crush accident, much(prenominal) as an simple machine accident. yen lasting muscle concretion is besides a nonher cause of rhabdomyolysis. Long lasting muscle compression derives from â€Å" fraud unconscious on a clearen surface during an illness or man under the influence of drugs or inebriant â€Å"(Chang M.\r\nD. ). An untrained athlete mass in addition get this malady from frightful muscle strain where the muscle becomes damaged. Signifi set upt muscle imperfection can cause liquid and electrolyte shifts from the profligatestream into the damaged muscle cells, and in the opposite direction (eMedicineHealth). Other causes of rhabdomyolysis are electrical shock, precise high clay temperature (hyperthermia) or heat stroke, distempers of the muscular st ordinategy such as â€Å"congenital muscle enzyme deficiency or Duchennes muscular dystrophy” (Chang M. D. ).\r\nSigns and symptoms of this disease whiteth orn be sullen to pinpoint because the course of the disease varies depending on the cause and each patient role whitethorn set about different symptoms. Complications of this disease whitethorn alike be present in the early stages as well as in the later stages. The symptoms of rhabdomyolysis come from the medical history of the patient. The patient may experience painful swollen bruised or auditor areas of the physical structure. Muscle weakness may also be experienced by the patient, such as difficulty moving the armor or the legs.\r\nNausea, vomiting and a worldwide sense of illness can be experienced by the patient. The rise in body temperature (hyperthermia) may cause confusion, dehydration, and even a lack of consciousness if not interact. The signs of rhabdomyolysis come from the physical findings of an examination do by a refer or a healthcare provider. Less tremendous forms of rhabdomyolysis may not cause any symptoms or signs, and the diagnosis can alone be fou nd in freakish blood tests. The piddle, as seen in the photograph to the right, may be dark, much set forth as â€Å"tea-colored”, due(p) to the presence of myoglobin in the urine.\r\nDamage to the kidneys can occur due to decreased or absent urine production, usually 12 to 24 hours afterward the initial muscle damage (Patel M. D. ). A second recognized complication is disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC), a severe disruption in blood clotting that may lead to uncontroll adequate to(p) bleeding (Warren M. D. ). Muscle biopsies can be useful if an event of rhabdomyolysis is model to be the result of an be muscle disorder. A biopsy sample taken during an episode is often uninformative, as it will return only evidence of cell termination or may appear expression (eMedicineHealth).\r\nTaking the sample can be delayed for several weeks or even months. The histopathological appearance on the biopsy indicates the nature of the underlying disorder (eMedicineHealth) . Biopsy sites may be set by medical resourcefulness, such as using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as the muscles may not be equally meeted by this disease. archeozoic laboratory findings implicate increased levels of myoglobin, potassium, urea, and daystar found in blood levels. An â€Å"anion opening night metabolic acidosis” could progress because of release of acids from damaged muscle tissue (Patel M. D. ).\r\nMyoglobin testing would be the best indication and the diagnostic fundament because an increase of myoglobin usually will not occur in the absence of rhabdomyolysis. symptomatic tests for urine myoglobin are often not comfortably available, and it may take to a greater extent than than 24 hours for the physician to get the results of the test. However, a typical urine screening for rhabdomyolysis may be performed as long as the urine sediment is examined as well. Complications of rhabdomyolysis also include disseminated intravascular coagulation, a cond ition that occurs when minor(ip) blood c a lot write down forming in the bodys blood vessels (eMedicineHealth).\r\nThese clots ingest all the clotting factors and platelets in the body, and bleeding begins suddenly. When muscles are damaged projection within the muscle can occur, do what is called compartment syndrome. If this occurs in an area where the muscle is curtail by fascia, a tough sinewy tissue, the pressure inside the muscle compartment can increase to the point at which blood supply to the muscle is compromised and muscle cells begin to die. Rhabdomyolysis is treatable and patients may recover quickly if the disease is caught in the early stages.\r\nThe main ending of treatment is to nix kidney damage or to prevent any further kidney damage. However, if remaining untreated, acute kidney failure develops in 30-40% of patients (Ritz). earlyish and aggressive hydration may prevent difficulties from this disease by rapidly removing the myoglobin from the kidneys. Hydration of the body may include using several liters of intravenous fluids until the condition is stabilized. Diuretics can also friend with removing the iron-containing pigment out of the kidneys.\r\nIf the patient produces an gratifying standard of urine a doctor may administer bicarbonate, which can prevent the myoglobin from breaking down into toxic compounds within the kidney (Warren M. D. ). Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are not able to filter and process waste from the body. If the disease progresses enough and kidney failure occurs then the patient may take over to undergo dialysis. Dialysis is a procedure that takes the blood out of the body and sends it into a machine, as seen in the attend to the left. The machine filters the waste products from the blood.\r\nIn severe bailiwicks of kidney or renal failure a kidney transplant may be required. If the case of rhabdomyolysis is mild it can be treated at home. The home treatment would include lots of rest an d sufficient hydration by tipsiness plenty of fluids. The overall expectation of rhabdomyolysis is pretty good as long as it is diagnosed and treated promptly. If the instance of this disease is not severe then the patient may only soak up to be in the hospital for a victimize time period for rehydration with IV fluids and lots of rest so the muscles can recover.\r\n piercing kidney failure occurs in many of the patients. Rhabdomyolysis is the cause for as many as 15% of patients with kidney failure (eMedicineHealth). While the mortality rate for this disease is approximately 5% (eMedicineHealth). The risk of death caused by this disease depends principally on the primary health of the patient, the amount of muscle damage that has been caused and any new(prenominal) associated injuries. If kidney failure occurs, the mortality rate can increase to 20% (eMedicineHealth).\r\nRhabdomyolysis can be prevented in almost all cases. come programs and routines need to be thoughtfully mean to prevent any kind of injury and to lower the risk of getting rhabdomyolysis. This includes avoiding exercising in extreme heat conditions and drinking a sufficient amount of fluids. some(prenominal) these situations can lead to dehydration, which increases the risk of muscle damage. Also, the risk of rhabdomyolysis exists highly for patients taking lipid-lowering medicine and fibrate medications for high cholesterol control.\r\nInformation is often provided to these patients to be aware of the symptoms of this disease and the cultivation should be read carefully and thoroughly. In conclusion, this is a disease of the muscular dodging that could affect anyone in their lifetime. This disease is more common than what I had originally thought. Although it is easily treatable, it can be a very dangerous and painful disease. I am glad that I researched rhabdomyolysis because I have wise to(p) what can happen and what to do if I ever experience any of the symptoms. I have also learned the consequences of not training properly for exercise.\r\nIn doing this research paper I have learned about a disease that I may see affect people in my career as a physical therapist. Bibliography Chang M. D. , Louise. WebMD. 13 folk 2010. 22 October 2011 . eMedicineHealth. Rhabdomyolysis (Cont. ). 2011. 30 October 2011 . Patel M. D. , Parul. U. S. National program library of Medicine. 13 August 2009. 21 October 2011 . Ritz, Eberhard. â€Å"Disease of the Month: Rhabdmyolysis. ” Journal of the American parliamentary law of Nephrology (2000): 1553-1561. Warren M. D. , JD. â€Å"Rhabdomyolysis: a review. ” Muscle and tenderness (2002): 32-47.\r\n'

'Soap in Philippines\r'

'INDUSTRY PROFILE clean in Filipinos Reference Code: 0115-0208 matter Date: April 2011 www. entropymonitor. com Datamonitor ground forces 245 Fifth resultion line 4th Floor new-made York, NY ascorbic acid16 ground forces t: +1 212 686 7400 f: +1 212 686 2626 e: [email&#clx;protected] com Datamonitor europium 119 Farringdon course London EC1R 3DA United Kingdom t: +44 20 7551 9000 f: +44 20 7675 7500 e: [email&#clx;protected] com Datamonitor warmheartedness East and matrimony Africa Datamonitor PO box 24893 Dubai, UAE t: +49 69 9754 4517 f: +49 69 9754 4900 e: [email protected] datamonitor. com Datamonitor Asia pacific Level 46, 2 green Street Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia : +61 2 8705 6900 f: +61 2 8705 6901 e: [email protected] com Philippines †strap © Datamonitor. This pen is a l chalknce harvest-festival and is non to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 paginate 1 administrator thickset EXECUTIVE SUMMARY securities industry hold dear The Philippine clean grocery store grew by 3. 7% in 2010 to sacrifice a prize of $132. 2 superstar thousand one meg meg. switch jimmy gauge In 2015, the Philippine cleanse merchandise placeplace is direct to have a hold dear of $156. 8 trillion, an stickth of 18. 6% since 2010. trade record The Philippine trounce commercialize grew by 2. 4% in 2010 to clasp a intensiveness of 93. 7 one one thousand thousand cardinal units. grocery storeplaceplace volume betIn 2015, the Philippine easy lay mart place is presage to have a volume of 103. 9 one million million million units, an augment of 10. 9% since 2010. grocery breakdown I mensu symmetryn trounce is the bear-sizedst divide of the strap regimenstuff in Philippines, method of accounting for 89. 6% of the grocerys primitive jimmy. Market ingredientation II Philippines accounts for 2. 3% of the Asia- Pacific gunk securities industry take to be. Market portion out Procter & assay come with, The is the guide sham in the Philippine grievous bodily harm merchandise, generating a 64. 4% luck of the commercializeplaces value. Market aspiration The Philippines welt trade is highly pure with top ternary workers accounting for 82. 2% of the hit securities industry value.Philippines †scoop © Datamonitor. This visibility is a clear wargon and is non to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 paginate 2 confine TABLE OF content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY mart OVERVIEW Market definition search highlights Market analysis commercialise nurse food merchandise plenty MARKET sectionalisation I MARKET segment II MARKET SHARE quintuplet FORCES abstract Summary Buyer authority provider provide sensitive entrants poor boystitutes Rivalry leash COMPANIES Procter & risk play a pertinacious, The Colgate-Palmolive confederacy Unilever MARKET scattering MARKET FORECASTS Market value harbinger Market volume forecast macroecono mic INDICATORS appendage Methodology Philippines †lather Datamonitor. This compose is a commissioned crop and is non to be photocopied 2 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 26 31 35 36 36 37 38 40 40 0115 †0208 †2010 varlet 3 t suitable of contents industriousness associations Re after-hourslyd Datamonitor search disclaimer ABOUT DATAMONITOR Premium Reports Summary Reports Datamonitor consulting 41 41 42 43 43 43 43 Philippines †lash © Datamonitor. This write is a licenced cropion and is non to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 page 4 CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES sidestep 1: fudge 2: table 3: get crossways 4: table 5: circumvent 6: skirt 7: accede 8: display board 9: Table 10: Table 11: Table 12: Table 13: Table 14: Table 15: Table 16: Table 17: Table 18: Table 19: Table 20: Table 21: Table 22: Table 23: Table 24: Philippines guck commercialise value: $ million, 2006â€10(e) Philippines suave ecstasy market volum e: million units, 2006â€10(e) Philippines cleanse market memberation I:% sh be, by value, 2010(e) Philippines sludge market fragmentation II: % helping, by value, 2010(e) Philippines max market sh ar: % shargon, by value, 2010(e) Procter & encounter beau monde, The: learn facts Procter & encounter beau monde, The: linchpin monetarys ($) Procter & bump companion, The: attain pecuniary ratios Colgate-Palmolive both(prenominal)iance: strike facts Colgate-Palmolive Company: primaeval pecuniarys ($) Colgate-Palmolive Company: tell financial ratios Unilever: recognize facts Unilever: key financials ($) Unilever: key financials (€) Unilever: key financial ratios Philippines muck market distribution: % sh ar, by value, 2010(e) Philippines trounce market value forecast: $ million, 2010â€15 Philippines strap market volume forecast: million units, 2010â€15 Philippines sizing of population (million), 2006â€10 Philippines gdp (consta nt 2000 footings, $ one million million), 2006â€10 Philippines gdp (current prices, $ cardinal), 2006â€10 Philippines inflation, 2006â€10 Philippines consumer price index (absolute), 2006â€10 Philippines replace enume direct, 2006â€10 10 11 12 13 14 21 24 24 26 28 29 31 33 33 33 35 36 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Philippines †guck © Datamonitor. This visibleness is a licence mathematical ingathering and is non to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 summon 5 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES record 1: turn 2: effigy 3: human be 4: see 5: emblem 6: assure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Philippines lather market value: $ million, 2006â€10(e) Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006â€10(e) Philippines soap market portionation I:% sh atomic number 18, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) Forces driving com dearieition in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of v destroyee king in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of provider mightiness in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Factors influencing the likeliness of invigorated entrants in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Factors influencing the holy terror of substitutes in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Drivers of phase of tilt in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Procter & Gamble Company, The: revenues & profitability Procter & Gamble Company, The: additions & liabilities Colgate-Palmolive Company: revenues & profitability Colgate-Palmolive Company: assets & liabilities Unilever: revenues & profitability Unilever: assets & liabilities Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010â€15 Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010â€15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 25 29 30 34 34 35 36 37 Fig ure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14: Figure 15: Figure 16: Figure 17: Figure 18: Figure 19: Figure 20: Philippines †cleanse © Datamonitor.This compose is a clear branch and is non to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 summon 6 MARKET OVERVIEW MARKET OVERVIEW Market definition The soap market lie ins of retail gross sales of pothouse soap and luculent soap. The market is valued according to retail selling price (RSP) and implicates any applicable taxes. Any currency conversions utilize in the creation of this report have been cipher using constant 2010 social classbook average trans pulp rates. For the purpose of this report Asia-Pacific comp rebels Australia, China, Japan, India, Singapore, atomic number 16 Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Pakistan and Taiwan. Philippines †easy lay © Datamonitor.This indite is a accredited output and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 sc wholeywag 7 MARKET OVERVIEW explore highlights The Philippines soap market generated marrow revenues of $132. 2 million in 2010, representing a merge yearly gain rate (CAGR) of 3. 9% for the termination spanning 2006-2010. Bar soap sales proved the some compensable for the Philippines soap market in 2010, generating total revenues of $118. 5 million, equivalent to 89. 6% of the markets general value. The effect of the market is forecast to unb give up, with an anticipated CAGR of 3. 5% for the fiveyear point 2010-2015, which is judge to lead the market to a value of $156. million by the end up of 2015. Philippines †cleanse © Datamonitor. This visibility is a certify result and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 pageboy 8 MARKET OVERVIEW Market analysis The Philippines soap market grew at a knockout rate during the intent 2006-2010, as a result of steady sales proceeds in the semi molten soap and measuring stick soa p categories. The oerall market harvest-tide is expected to decelerate in the forthcoming five years. The Philippines soap market generated total revenues of $132. 2 million in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3. 9% for the period spanning 2006-2010. In resemblance, the Malaysian and Thai markets grew with CAGRs of 3. 2% and 3. % several(prenominal)ly, oer the aforementioned(prenominal) period, to all everyplacestep respective values of $60. 7 million and $182 million in 2010. Market consumption volumes change magnitude with a CAGR of 2. 7% between 2006 and 2010, to lapse a total of 93. 7 million units in 2010. The markets volume is expected to rise to 103. 9 million units by the end of 2015, representing a CAGR of 2. 1% for the 2010-2015 period. Bar soap sales proved the most lucrative for the Philippines soap market in 2010, generating total revenues of $118. 5 million, equivalent to 89. 6% of the markets overall value. In comparison, sales of b land soap generated revenues of $13. 8 million in 2010, equation to 10. % of the markets aggregate revenues. The performance of the market is forecast to decelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 3. 5% for the fiveyear period 2010-2015, which is expected to lead the market to a value of $156. 8 million by the end of 2015. Comparatively, the Malaysian and Thai markets depart grow with CAGRs of 2. 6% and 2. 1% respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $69 million and $201. 8 million in 2015. Philippines †scoopful © Datamonitor. This compose is a clear point of intersection and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 page 9 MARKET VALUE MARKET VALUE The Philippine soap market grew by 3. 7% in 2010 to reach a value of $132. million. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2006â€10 was 3. 9%. Table 1: division 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) CAGR: 2006â€10 rise: Datamonitor Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006â€10(e) $ million 113. 6 118. 3 122. 9 127. 5 132. 2 PHP million 5,137. 1 5,350. 2 5,557. 8 5,768. 8 5,982. 8 € million 85. 5 89. 1 92. 6 96. 1 99. 6 % fruit 4. 1 3. 9 3. 8 3. 7 3. 9% DATAMONITOR Figure 1: Philippines soap market value: $ million, 2006â€10(e) tooth root: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This compose is a licenced convergence and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 summon 10 MARKET VOLUME MARKET VOLUMEThe Philippine soap market grew by 2. 4% in 2010 to reach a volume of 93. 7 million units. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2006â€10 was 2. 7%. Table 2: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) CAGR: 2006â€10 character reference: Datamonitor Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006â€10(e) million units 84. 2 86. 6 89. 1 91. 5 93. 7 % Growth 2. 9 2. 9 2. 7 2. 4 2. 7% DATAMONITOR Figure 2: Philippines soap market volume: million units, 2006â€10(e) solution: Da tamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 11 MARKET division I MARKET SEGMENTATION IBar soap is the largest segment of the soap market in Philippines, accounting for 89. 6% of the markets total value. The liquid soap segment accounts for the remaining 10. 4% of the market. Table 3: Category Bar soap Liquid soap contribute computer address: Datamonitor Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) % make out 89. 6% 10. 4% coke% DATAMONITOR Figure 3: Philippines soap market segmentation I:% share, by value, 2010(e) ejaculate: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 12 MARKET SEGMENTATION II MARKET SEGMENTATION II Philippines accounts for 2. 3% of the Asia-Pacific soap market value.Thailand accounts for a shape up 3. 1% of th e Asia-Pacific market. Table 4: Category Thailand Philippines Malaysia New Zealand emit of Asia-Pacific primitive inception: Datamonitor Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) % persona 3. 1% 2. 3% 1. 0% 0. 4% 93. 3% atomic number 6% DATAMONITOR Figure 4: Philippines soap market segmentation II: % share, by value, 2010(e) obtain: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 13 MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARE Procter & Gamble Company, The is the leading player in the Philippine soap market, generating a 64. % share of the markets value. Colgate-Palmolive Company accounts for a further 16% of the market. Table 5: Company Procter & Gamble Company, The Colgate-Palmolive Company Unilever Others supply rise: Datamonitor Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 64. 4% 16. 0% 1. 9% 17. 8% 100% DATAMONITOR Figur e 5: Philippines soap market share: % share, by value, 2010(e) arising: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 14 phoebe bird FORCES abbreviation FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS The soap market exit be analyzed taking manufacturers of soaps as players.The key buyers will be taken as distributors of soaps much(prenominal) as retailers, and suppliers of lye, solid fats and further inputs (e. g. water, antibacterial agents and moisturizers) employ in the givement of soaps as the key suppliers. Summary Figure 6: Forces driving com pamperition in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 character reference: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR The Philippines soap market is highly surd with top trine players accounting for 82. 2% of the total market value. The market has the nominal head of leading players like Procter & Gamble Company, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever. self-empl oyed person retailers are the main buyers in the Philippines soap market.Suppliers to the own(prenominal) hygienics market are alike weakened by the carapace of market players. Suppliers of ingredients and packaging are atomicer relative to manufacturers, which decreases supplier power in this market. However, suppliers provide for a diverse lymph node base and correspondingly supplier power is assessed as retain overall. Attempting to enter this market is precarious, with unfermented entrants comfavouriteing with numerous sophisticated companies with large scale economies. The market is well veritable and many of the players sell standardized products, leading to an intensely com positron emission tomographyitive environment, with players com give fearfulnessssing for the same share of the market.However, the diversity of products runed by the market players decocts challenger to a certain degree. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed pr oduct and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 15 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Buyer power Figure 7: Drivers of buyer power in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR In Philippines, the main distribution channel for the soaps are independent retailers, which account for 52. 8% of the total sales value. Retailers a great deal fill a commit of power in the supply chain which allows them to negotiate approbatory contracts with manufacturers, this enhances buyer power.Furthermore, soaps are just one of a bulky jog of products exchange by most retailers: this reduces the importance of this product to buyers, thus increasing buyer power further. However, blemishing is an important way of maintaining end-user loyalty, and as a result retailers are inevitable to stock the more popular brands, which reduce their bandinggaining strength and buyer power. boilersuit buyer power is assessed as moderate. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 16 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Supplier power Figure 8: Drivers of supplier power in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITORCommercial shun soaps contain atomic number 11 tallowate, sodium cocoate, sodium palmate and similar ingredients, all of which are the results of reacting solid fats (tallow, coconut meat oil, and palm kernel oil respectively) with lye. thence key suppliers to the soap market are suppliers of lye, solid fats and further inputs (e. g. water, antibacterial agents and moisturizers) used in the occupation of liquid soaps. chemic suppliers often supply lye to manufacturers, and these companies are often relatively largescale and few in number, which growths supplier power. Overall, supplier power is assessed as moderate in the Philippines soap market. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 115 †0208 †2010 Page 17 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS New entrants Figure 9: Factors influencing the likelihood of untried entrants in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR There is limited product differentiation within the soap market, with the key segments consisting of bar and liquid soaps, and this coupled with weak market growth whitethorn act as a deterrent to potential unexampled entrants. However, product variations can be achieved by means of the use of scents, and shape or creation of soap bars etc. It may be possible for new entrants to achieve relative success stressing artisan doing methods, e. g. handmade, indispensable aromatherapy soaps.Furthermore, it is important for new entrants to control a place for their products on the supermarket and medicate store shelves; and as retail station is a finite resource, this means that new entrants must persuade the stores that it is worth displacing senior brands to mak e way for a new product. Overall, the likelihood of new entrants is moderate. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 18 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Substitutes Figure 10: Factors influencing the curse of substitutes in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Substitutes to manufactured soap bars, and liquid soaps can be achieved by and through homemade versions of soaps. This method would allow consumers to tailor their production method with ingredients to suit their preferences.However, it is likely to be more expensive to buy ingredients independently than manufactured soaps, and the method used to score the soap is relatively judgment of conviction consuming. Furthermore, the end results may also be unforeseeable and would not urinate the desired results compares to brand soaps. These factors are likely to limit the threat of such substitutes. Overall, th e threat of substitutes is assessed as weak. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 19 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Rivalry Figure 11: Drivers of degree of aspiration in the soap market in Philippines, 2010 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR The Philippines soap market is highly severe with top common chord players accounting for 82. 2% of the total market value.These companies are more often than not diversified, with product ranges covering markets beyond new(prenominal) own(prenominal) feel for products, with leading player Colgate-Palmolive pass consumer products such as literal tuition, household surface, framework apprehension and court nutrition products. This means that players arent heavily dependent upon sales of soap products, which reduces the degree of rivalry to an extent. Overall, there is a moderate degree of rivalry in the Philippines soap market. Philippines †So ap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 20 direct COMPANIES track COMPANIES Procter & Gamble Company, TheTable 6: drumhead office: foretell: local office: Telephone: Website: financial closing: philia: Stock exchange: Source: companion website Procter & Gamble Company, The: key facts ane Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45201, USA 1 513 983 1100 Distributing Philippines Inc. , 6750 Ayala function Tower, Makati 1226, PHI 63 2 894 39 55 www. pg. com June PG New York DATAMONITOR Procter & Gamble Company (P) is engaged in the manufacture and merchandising of consumer products. The telephoner markets more than ccc brands in over 180 countries spanning the the Statess, europium, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asiatic region. It is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio and employs around 127,000 people.P sells its products through throng merchandisers, grocery store s, membership club stores, medicate stores and in high-frequency stores. P is bring forth into three spherical line of credit units (GBUs) and a planetary military operations radical. The GBUs of the gild comprise debaucher and groom, wellness and well-being, and household do billet units. The GBUs identify common consumer needs, develop new products and build its brands. The clientele units comprising the GBUs are amount into six reportable segments: hit; cooking; health tuition; snacks and ducky foreboding; fabric dread and home fright; and mess up anguish and family parcel out. The strike GBU comprises the beauty and the grooming businesses; the health and well-being GBU consists of the health cover, and the snacks and pet care businesses.The household care GBU comprises the fabric care and home care as well as the frustrate care and family care businesses. The beauty segment takes cosmetics, deodourants, bulls-breadth care, skin care, prestige frag rances and person-to-personisedised cleansing. The bull care sub-segment consists of conditioner, fuzz colorants, beauty shop products, shampoo and styling agents. The key brands offered by the segment embroil Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Aussie, Fekkai, Nioxin and Wella. The key brands offered in the Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 21 booster cable COMPANIES deodorant category embarrass Old Spice, clandestine and Gillette.Personal cleansing products overwhelm brands such as Camay, Gillette, Ivory, Olay, Old spice, and Zest in the physical structure wash category. In September 2008, the Procter & Gamble acquired NIOXIN Research Laboratories, a player in the scalp care professional pilus care segment. NIOXIN offers a range of products that focus on the scalp and are distributed through salons and salon stores in more than 40 countries . In April 2009, P sell its ethnic hair care fraternity Johnson Products to a throng of investors. Johnson Products is a study player in the ethnic hair care market in Americas with a range of 30 products that admits the Gentle Treatment and Ultra sparkle brands.In the same year P sold of its spheric Infusium 23 hair care business to Helen of Troy, a designer, developer and world entire seller of individual(prenominal) care and household consumer products. The grooming segment comprises blades and razors, face and shave preparation products (such as shaving flail), electric hair removal devices and small household appliances. The key brands marketed by the grooming segment include von Braun, Fusion, Gillette and Mach3. The electric hair removal devices and small home appliances are marketed chthonian(a) the Braun brand. The healthcare segment includes unwritten examination care, maidenlike care, pharmaceuticals and personal health care businesses.The viva care product s are marketed worldwide to a lower place the brands Crest and Oral-B. In December 2008, Panasonic galvanising Works entered into a supply arrangement with P to supply its Palsonic electric toothbrush, which P introduced in the US and atomic number 63an markets during late 2009 on a lower floor its own brand name. In pharmaceuticals and personal health, P serves the world(a) bisphosphonates market for the treatment of osteoporosis at a lower place the Actonel brand. It leads the market in nonprescription heartburn medications and in respiratory treatments. The snacks and pet care segment markets its products on a lower floor the brands lams and Pringles. In the snacks business, the confederation sells potato chips through its Pringles brand.The fabric care and home care segment offers a wide range of fabric care products including slipstream make clean products and fabric conditioners; and home care products, including discus care, surface dry cleaners and air juvenilee ners; and batteries. The segment markets its products under Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain and Tide brands. The old bag care products are offered under Cascade, Dawn, Ivory, Ariel and delectation brands. The baby care and family care segment offers baby wipes, vat tissues, diapers, seventh cranial nerve tissues and written report towels under the following brands: Bounty, Charmin and Pampers. The friendship’s family care business in general operates in atomic number 7 America.The worldwide operations theme consists of the market development organization (MDO) and global business services (GBS). The MDO comprises retail customer, trade channel and country-specific teams. It is Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 22 LEADING COMPANIES organized on five geographic regions: northern America, Western Europe, underlying & eastern Europe/Middle East/Africa (CEEM EA), Latin America and Asia (comprises Japan, greater China and ASEAN/Australia/India/Korea (AAIK)). The GBS also provides technology, processes and standard data tools to support the operations of GBUs and the MDO.P also operates P Professional, a business-to-business division that serves food services, commercial cleaning, lodging and vending industries. The societys North American operation covers Canada, Puerto Rico and the US regions. P&G has a figurehead in every country in Western Europe. In Western Europe, the society operates about 35 manufacturing plants and markets over 100 brands. P&Gs CEEMEA includes the Balkans, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Sub Sahara, Turkey/Caucasia and the Central Asian Re human beingss. In Latin America, the conjunction operates 19 manufacturing sites, 12 distribution midways and a service center in 14 countries.Ps Asian operation covers China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, Ne w Zealand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Bangladesh. P&G operates across Western Europe. The region accounts for about a quarter of the social club’s total business. P&G markets over 100 brands in Europe. Some major brands marketed by the fellowship in Europe include Pampers, Oral-B, Ariel, Always, Pantene, Mach3, Herbal Essences, Pringles, Lenor, Iams, Duracell, Olay, Head & Shoulders, Wella, Gillette, and Braun. P&G launched Fairy auto washup in Western Europe in FY2008. The Asia-Pacific operations of P&G are divided into three sub-regions: Asean, Australia and India (AAI), Greater China (China and Taiwan) and North Asia (Japan and Korea).However, P&G is centralizing its Asia-Pacific operations into a champion entity to summation its focus on emerging economies. The company is expected to merge GBUs for the three regional hubs into one to improve efficiency. In February 2010, P& G launched a plant- base hair care range under the brand Nature Fusion, comprising shampoo, conditioner and leave-in conditioner. The product range consists of ingredients derived from plants cognize for their traditional medicinal qualities. Key rhythmic pattern Procter & Gamble generated revenues of $78. 9 billion in the financial year (FY) ended June 2010, an subjoin of 2. 9% over 2009. The companys net income amount $12. 7 billion in FY2010, a decrease of 5. 2% over 2009.The beauty and grooming GBU accounted for 34. 4% of the total revenues in FY2010. tax incomes from beauty and grooming GBU reached $27. 1 billion in FY2010, an increase of 3% over FY2009. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 23 LEADING COMPANIES Table 7: $ million Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financials ($) 2006 68,222. 0 8,684. 0 135,695. 0 72,787. 0 138,000 2007 74,832. 0 10,340. 0 138,014. 0 71,254. 0 138,000 2008 79,257. 0 12,075. 0 143,992. 0 74,498. 0 138,000 2009 76,694. 0 13,436. 0 134,833. 0 71,451. 0 135,000 2010 78,938. 0 12,736. 0 128,172. 0 66,733. 0 127,000Revenues terminate income (loss) inwardness assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 8: Ratio Procter & Gamble Company, The: key financial ratios 2006 12. 7% 20. 2% 120. 5% 69. 1% 53. 6% 8. 8% $494,362 $62,928 2007 13. 8% 9. 7% 1. 7% (2. 1%) 51. 6% 7. 6% $542,261 $74,928 2008 15. 2% 5. 9% 4. 3% 4. 6% 51. 7% 8. 6% $574,326 $87,500 2009 17. 5% (3. 2%) (6. 4%) (4. 1%) 53. 0% 9. 6% $568,104 $99,526 2010 16. 1% 2. 9% (4. 9%) (6. 6%) 52. 1% 9. 7% $621,559 $100,283 derive perimeter Revenue growth plus growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio output on assets Revenue per employee make per employee Source: company filings DATAMONITORPhilippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Pa ge 24 LEADING COMPANIES Figure 12: Procter & Gamble Company, The: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Figure 13: Procter & Gamble Company, The: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 25 LEADING COMPANIES Colgate-Palmolive Company Table 9: Colgate-Palmolive Company: key facts 300 Park Avenue, New York City, New York 10022, USA 1 212 310 2000 1 212 310 3284 www. colgate. om December CL New York DATAMONITOR Head office: Telephone: Fax: Website: Financial year-end: Ticker: Stock exchange: Source: company website Colgate-Palmolive Company (Colgate) engages in the manufacture and marketing of a wide range of consumer products such as toothpastes, toothbrushes, detergents, squander stall gels, conditioners, shampoos, cleansers, bleaches and pet foods. The company markets its products in over 200 countries and territories end-to-end the world. It is headquartered in New York, the US and employs roughly 39,200 people. Colgate owns more than 80 brands across variant product categories such as ad-lib care, personal care, home care and pet nutrition.The principal global and regional trademarks owned by the company include Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, stop number get under ones skin, Lady Speed Stick, Softsoap, Irish Spring, Protex, Sorriso, Kolynos, Elmex, tom turkey’s of Maine, Ajax, Axion, Fabuloso, Soupline, Suavitel, Hill’s recognition feed and Hill’s prescription(prenominal) Diet. The company operates in deuce product segments: oral, personal and home care; and pet nutrition. The oral, personal and home care segment operates through four geographic divisions: North America, Latin America, Europe/South Pacific and Greater Asia/Africa, which sell to a alteration of retail and wholesale customers and distributors. The oral care business of C olgate includes products such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, oral rinses and dental floss, and pharmaceutical products for dentists and opposite oral health professionals.The company offers a wide variety of toothpaste, which includes plaque and gingivitis prevention toothpaste, long lasting fresh breath toothpaste, flying dragon control toothpaste, baking soda and hydrogen peroxide toothpaste, cavity protection toothpaste, and sensitivity mitigation toothpaste under the Colgate brand. The company also provides two types of toothbrushes: conventional and electric toothbrushes. The conventional toothbrushes include whole mouth clean toothbrush, fresh breath toothbrush, flexible head toothbrush Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 26 LEADING COMPANIES nd buddy-buddy cleaning toothbrush. The company markets toothpastes under Colgate Total and Colgate Max Fresh brands; manual toothbrush es under the Colgate 360° brand name; and oral rinses under Colgate and Colgate Plax brand names. The personal care business in the US offers shower gels, bar soaps, deodorants, antiperspirants, mens toiletries and liquid hand soaps. outdoor(a) the US, the business also offers shampoos and conditioners under the brands Palmolive and Caprice. Colgate markets shower gels through Palmolive and Softsoap brands; bar soaps under Palmolive, Irish Spring and Protex brands; and deodorants and antiperspirants under Speed Stick and Lady Speed Stick brands.The deodorants offered by Colgate comprise gel, stick, fragrance, and antiperspirant/deodorants. The soundbox wash product line includes advanced moisture body wash, nourishing body wash, and fragrance body wash products. The liquid hand soaps consist of antibacterial soap, foaming hand soap, kitchen soap, moisturizing soap, fragrance soap, and decor soap. The bar soap products offering include deodorant protection bar soap, antibacteria l bar soap, invigorating bar soap, moisturizing bar soap, and exfoliating bar soap. The mens toiletries include shaving cream, lotion subsequently shave, subsequently shave, splash on after shave, and moisturizing after shave.The home care business manufactures and markets dishwashing liquids, fabric conditioners and household cleaners. Colgate offers a wide variety of dishwashing products under Palmolive, Axion and Ajax brands. The product offering includes hand dishwashing, sensitive skin, antibacterial, oxy cleaning agents, automatic dishwashers, original formula, fruit scent, and floral scent and natural scent dishwashing products. Colgate markets these products under Ajax, Splash, Spring Sensation, and Oxy Plus brands. The fabric conditioner products comprise liquid fabric conditioners, air-dry sheets, dark colours formula, floral scent, natural scent, and baby demolish scent.The household cleaners are marketed under Fabuloso and Ajax brands and include forest cleaner, fl oor cleaner, all purpose cleaner, powder cleanser, spray formula, pre moistened wipes, and fruit scented products. The pet nutrition segment operates through Hills pet nutrition brand, which is sold principally through the veterinary professionals and specialty pet retailers. The company supplies specialty pet nutrition products for dogs and cats in over 95 countries. Hills markets pet foods primarily under two trademarks: Science Diet and ethical drug Diet. Science Diet products are sold by authorized pet supply retailers and veterinarians for everyday nutritional needs. The Prescription Diet includes therapeutic products sold by veterinarians which modify them to manage disease conditions in dogs and cats by improving nutrition value in food intake.In the US, Colgate has its manufacturing and warehousing facilities used by the oral, personal and home care segment business in Morristown, New tee shirt; Morristown, Tennessee; and Cambridge, Ohio. The pet nutrition segment has maj or facilities in Bowling Green, Kentucky; Topeka, Kansas; Commerce, calcium; and Richmond, Indiana. The main(a) enquiry centre for oral, personal and home care Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 27 LEADING COMPANIES products is located in Piscataway, New Jersey and the immemorial research centre for pet nutrition products is located in Topeka, Kansas. Piscataway, New Jersey also serves as the company’s global data centre.Outside the US, Colgate operates manufacturing facilities for the oral, personal and home care segment in Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Italy, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam and elsewhere throughout the world. Colgate offers shampoos, bath and shower gels, hand soaps and liquid soaps, as well as shaving products in the personal care segment. The bath and shower gels are marketed under the brands such as Palmolive Na turals, Palmolive Aroma, and Palmolive Thermal. Shampoos and liquid hand soaps are marketed under the Palmolive Naturals brand, and soaps under Palmolive Naturals and Palmolive Aroma brands.The company markets its hair care product under Palmolive band brand name. Key Metrics Colgate-Palmolive Company generated revenues of $15. 6 billion in the financial year (FY) ended December 2010, an increase of 1. 5% over FY2009. The companys net income come $2. 2 billion in FY2010, a decrease of 3. 8% over FY2009. The oral, personal and home care segment record revenues of $13. 5 billion in FY2010, an increase of 2. 2% over FY2009. Greater Asia/Africa accounted for 22. 2% of the total revenues of the oral, personal and home care segment in FY2010. Revenues from Greater Asia/Africa reached $3 billion in FY2010, an increase of 12. 9% over FY2009.Table 10: $ million Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financials ($) 2006 12,237. 7 1,353. 4 9,138. 0 7,727. 1 34,700 2007 13,789. 7 1,737. 4 10,112. 0 7 ,825. 8 36,000 2008 15,329. 9 1,957. 2 9,979. 3 7,935. 0 36,600 2009 15,327. 0 2,291. 0 11,134. 0 7,877. 0 38,100 2010 15,564. 0 2,203. 0 11,172. 0 8,355. 0 39,200 Revenues salary income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 28 LEADING COMPANIES Table 11: Ratio Colgate-Palmolive Company: key financial ratios 2006 11. 1% 7. 4% 7. 4% 8. 0% 84. 6% 15. % $352,671 $39,003 2007 12. 6% 12. 7% 10. 7% 1. 3% 77. 4% 18. 1% $383,047 $48,261 2008 12. 8% 11. 2% (1. 3%) 1. 4% 79. 5% 19. 5% $418,850 $53,475 2009 14. 9% N. M 11. 6% (0. 7%) 70. 7% 21. 7% $402,283 $60,131 2010 14. 2% 1. 5% 0. 3% 6. 1% 74. 8% 19. 8% $397,041 $56,199 Profit margin Revenue growth Asset growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio Return on assets Revenue per employee Profit per employee Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Figure 14: Colgate-P almolive Company: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 29LEADING COMPANIES Figure 15: Colgate-Palmolive Company: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 30 LEADING COMPANIES Unilever Table 12: Unilever: key facts Unilever House, 100 capital of Seychelles Embankment, London EC4Y 0DY, GBR 44 20 7822 5252 44 20 7822 5951 www. unilever. com December UL New York DATAMONITOR Head office: Telephone: Fax: Website: Financial year-end: Ticker: Stock exchange: Source: company website Unilever is a global manufacturer and marketer of consumer goods in the food, personal and homecare segments.Unilever operates under a dual structure. The group has two parent companies: Unileve r NV and Unilever plc. Unilever NV is a public limited company registered in the Netherlands, piece of music Unilever plc is a public limited company registered in the UK and Wales. The two parent companies, Unilever NV and Unilever plc, along with the group companies, operate as a single economic entity: Unilever. It operates through subsidiaries in Germany, Switzerland, France, the UK, the US, and China and has operations in over 170 countries. The groups primary operating segments comprises three geographic regions: Asia, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe; the Americas; and Western Europe.Although Unilevers operations are managed on a geographical basis, the group manages its products under four categories: savoury, dressings and spreads; ice cream and drinkings; personal care; and home care and other operations. These categories are Unilever’s principal product areas. The savoury, dressings and spreads product category includes products like soups, bouillons, sauces, sn acks, mayonnaise, salad dressings, olive oil, margarines, spreads and cooking products such as liquid margarines, and frozen food products. Unilevers major brands in this segment includes: Knorr, Hellmanns, Becel/Flora (Healthy internality), Rama/Blue set (Family Goodness), Calve, Wish-Bone, Amora, Ragu and Bertolli.The company markets its frozen food products under Findus, Sagit, Cogesal and Iglo brand names among others. The ice cream and beverages product category includes sales of ice cream, tea- base beverages, weight solicitude products, and nutritionally raise staples sold in developing markets. Unilevers major brands in ice cream are sold under the multinational Heart brand which includes Cornetto, Magnum, Carte Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 31 LEADING COMPANIES d’Or and Solero, Wall’s, Kibon, Algida and Ola. Its tea-based beverage brands include Lipt on, Brooke Bond and PG Tips.In addition, Unilever has weight management products such as Slim Fast, and nutritionally enhanced products include Annapurna and AdeS brands. The personal care product category offers skin care, facial care and hair care products; deodorants and anti-perspirants; and oral care products. The company offers six global brands which are the core of companys business in the mass skin care, daily hair care and deodorants product areas that includes Dove, Lux, Rexona (including Sure and Degree), Sunsilk (including Seda/Sedal), ax/Lynx and Pond’s. Other key brands include Suave, Clear, Lifebuoy and Vaseline, along with Signal and cozy Up in the oral care category.In December 2010, the company acquired the personal care business of the Sara Lee Corporation, which was announced in September 2009. The Sara Lee brand includes Sanex, Radox and Duschdas. theatre care and other operations include household products, such as laundry tablets, powders and liquid s, soap bars and cleaning products. Unilevers global brands in home care products include Cif, Comfort, Domestos, Omo, Radiant, Surf and Sunlight brands. Other brands marketed by this segment include Omo Surf, Comfort, Radiant and Skip. During late 2008, Unilever further expanded its household and personal hygiene portfolio by acquiring Cosmivoire, a Cote dIvoire-based manufacturer and supplier of food, household, and personal hygiene products.Unilever also announced plans to expand its Asia Pacific operations within home care division. In line with this, Unilever Sri Lanka made an offer to acquire the trademark of Wonderlight Consumer Products Company, in February 2009. Wonderlight Consumer Products Company is a Sri Lankan-based manufacturer of laundry soaps, baby soap, herbal soap, toilet soap, washing powder, chaparral powder, and dish powder. Key Metrics Unilever generated revenues of $58. 6 billion in the financial year (FY) ended December 2010, an increase of 11. 1% as compar ed to 2009. The companys net income reached $5. 6 billion in FY2010, an increase of 25. 9% over FY2009. Unilever’s personal care division recorded revenues of $18. billion in FY2010, an increase of 16. 2% over FY2009. Asia, Africa and Central & Eastern Europe, Unilevers largest geographical market, accounted for 40% of the total revenues in FY2010. Revenues from Asia, Africa and Central & Eastern Europe reached $23. 4 billion in FY2010, an increase of 18. 7% over FY2009. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 32 LEADING COMPANIES Table 13: $ million Unilever: key financials ($) 2006 52,514. 3 6,285. 8 49,109. 8 33,647. 7 179,000 2007 53,236. 3 5,150. 5 49,414. 5 32,433. 0 174,000 2008 53,681. 4 6,659. 3 47,877. 8 34,137. 9 174,000 2009 52,754. 4,464. 3 49,035. 6 32,429. 0 163,000 2010 58,634. 5 5,622. 1 54,534. 5 34,560. 5 167,000 Revenues Net income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Employees Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 14: € million Unilever: key financials (€) 2006 39,642. 0 4,745. 0 37,072. 0 25,400. 0 2007 40,187. 0 3,888. 0 37,302. 0 24,483. 0 2008 40,523. 0 5,027. 0 36,142. 0 25,770. 0 2009 39,823. 0 3,370. 0 37,016. 0 24,480. 0 2010 44,262. 0 4,244. 0 41,167. 0 26,089. 0 Revenues Net income (loss) Total assets Total liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Table 15: Ratio Unilever: key financial ratios 2006 12. 0% 3. 2% (6. 1%) (17. 4%) 68. 5% 12. % $293,376 $35,116 2007 9. 7% 1. 4% 0. 6% (3. 6%) 65. 6% 10. 5% $305,956 $29,601 2008 12. 4% 0. 8% (3. 1%) 5. 3% 71. 3% 13. 7% $308,514 $38,272 2009 8. 5% (1. 7%) 2. 4% (5. 0%) 66. 1% 9. 2% $323,645 $27,388 2010 9. 6% 11. 1% 11. 2% 6. 6% 63. 4% 10. 9% $351,105 $33,665 Profit margin Revenue growth Asset growth Liabilities growth Debt/asset ratio Return on assets Revenue per employee Profit per employee Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 33 LEADING COMPANIES Figure 16: Unilever: revenues & profitability Source: company filings DATAMONITORFigure 17: Unilever: assets & liabilities Source: company filings DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 34 DISTRIBUTION MARKET DISTRIBUTION indie Retailers form the leading distribution channel in the Philippine soap market, accounting for a 52. 8% share of the total markets value. Specialist Retailers accounts for a further 14. 4% of the market. Table 16: Channel unconditional Retailers Specialist Retailers Supermarkets / hypermarkets Others Total Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) % Share 52. 8% 14. 4% 14. 4% 18. 5% 100% DATAMONITORFigure 18: Philippines soap market distribution: % share, by value, 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 35 MARKET FORECASTS MARKET FORECASTS Market value forecast In 2015, the Philippine soap market is forecast to have a value of $156. 8 million, an increase of 18. 6% since 2010. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2010â€15 is predicted to be 3. 5%. Table 17: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAGR: 2010â€15 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010â€15 $ million 132. 2 137. 0 141. 9 146. 8 151. 7 156. PHP million 5,982. 8 6,199. 1 6,417. 5 6,639. 2 6,862. 1 7,092. 5 € million 99. 6 103. 2 106. 9 110. 6 114. 3 118. 1 % Growth 3. 7% 3. 6% 3. 5% 3. 5% 3. 4% 3. 4% 3. 5% DATAMONITOR Figure 19: Philippines soap market value forecast: $ million, 2010â€15 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 36 MARKET FORECASTS Market volume forecast In 2015, the Philippine soap market is forecast to have a volume of 103. 9 million units, an increase of 10. 9% since 2010. The compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2010â€15 is predicted to be 2. 1%.Table 18: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAGR: 2010â€15 Source: Datamonitor Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010â€15 million units 93. 7 96. 0 98. 1 100. 1 102. 0 103. 9 % Growth 2. 4% 2. 5% 2. 2% 2. 0% 1. 9% 1. 9% 2. 1% DATAMONITOR Figure 20: Philippines soap market volume forecast: million units, 2010â€15 Source: Datamonitor DATAMONITOR Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 37 macroeconomic INDICATORS MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Table 19: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Source: Datamonitor Philippines size of po pulation (million), 2006â€10 state (million) 86. 0 87. 6 89. 3 91. 0 92. 7 % Growth 2. 0% 1. 9% 1. 9% 1. 9% 1. 9% DATAMONITOR Table 20: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e)Philippines gdp (constant 2000 prices, $ billion), 2006â€10 Constant 2000 Prices, $ billion 99. 2 106. 2 110. 2 111. 3 119. 2 % Growth 5. 4% 7. 1% 3. 7% 1. 1% 7. 1% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 21: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2006â€10 genuine Prices, $ billion 117. 8 144. 3 170. 2 165. 2 183. 6 % Growth 20. 2% 22. 5% 18. 0% (3. 0%) 11. 2% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 38 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Table 22: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines inflation, 2006â€10 splashiness Rate (%) 6. % 2. 8% 9. 3% 3. 2% 3. 8% DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 23: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(e) Philippines consu mer price index (absolute), 2006â€10 Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100) 137. 9 141. 8 155. 0 159. 9 166. 0 DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Table 24: Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Philippines exchange rate, 2006â€10 central rate ($/PHP) 51. 4087 46. 2140 44. 5728 47. 7318 45. 2396 Exchange rate (€/PHP) 64. 5003 63. 2358 65. 2211 66. 5482 60. 0503 DATAMONITOR Source: Datamonitor Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 39 APPENDIX APPENDIX MethodologyDatamonitor assiduity Profiles draw on extensive primary and secondary research, all aggregated, analyzed, cross-checked and presented in a consistent and accessible style. Review of in-house databases †Created using 250,000+ industry interviews and consumer surveys and support by analysis from industry experts using highly complex modeling & prodigy tools, Datamonitor’s in-house databases provide the bringation for all tie in industry profiles Preparatory research †We also maintain extensive in-house databases of news, psychoanalyst commentary, company profiles and macroeconomic & demographic info, which enable our researchers to build an sinless market overview Definitions †Market definitions are standardized to allow comparison from country to country.The parameters of each definition are care richly reviewed at the start of the research process to ensure they match the requirements of both the market and our clients Extensive secondary research activities ensure we are always fully up-to-date with the latest industry events and trends Datamonitor aggregates and analyzes a number of secondary entropy sources, including: field/Governmental statistics International data (official international sources) National and International trade associations broke and analyst reports Company Annual Reports course information libraries and databases Modeling & forecasting to ols †Datamonitor has real powerful tools that allow quantitative and qualitative data to be combined with related macroeconomic and demographic drivers to create market models and forecasts, which can then be bully according to specific competitive, regulatory and emand-related factors regular quality control ensures that our processes and profiles remain focused, accurate and up-to-date Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 40 APPENDIX Industry associations International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products uncoiled Marie-Louise 49, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel. : 32 2 230 8371 Fax: 32 2 230 8288 www. aise-net. org Related Datamonitor research Industry profiles Soap in Malaysia Soap in Thailand Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 41 APPENDIX DisclaimerAll Rights Reserved. No sectionalization of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, Datamonitor plc. The facts of this report are believed to be correct at the time of publication but cannot be guaranteed. enrapture note that the findings, conclusions and recommendations that Datamonitor delivers will be based on information gathered in good faith from both primary and secondary sources, whose accuracy we are not always in a position to guarantee. As such Datamonitor can try for no liability hatever for actions taken based on any information that may subsequently prove to be incorrect. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 42 ABOUT DATAMONITOR ABOUT DATAMONITOR The Datamonitor Group is a world-leading provider of bounty global business information, delivering independent data, analysis and opinion across the Automotive, Consumer Markets, Energy & Utilities, Financial Services, Logistics & Express, Pharmaceutical & Healthcare, Retail, engine room and Telecoms industries. Combining our industry knowledge and experience, we economic aid over 6,000 of the world’s leading companies in making better strategic and operational decisions.Delivered online via our user-friendly web platforms, our market intelligence products and services ensure that you will achieve your desired commercial goals by giving you the insight you need to scoop up respond to your competitive environment. Premium Reports Datamonitors premium reports are based on primary research with industry panels and consumers. We gather information on market segmentation, market growth and pricing, competitors and products. Our experts then interpret this data to produce detailed forecasts and actionable recommen dations, helping you create new business opportunities and ideas. Summary Reports Our serial publication of company, industry and country profiles complements our premium products, providing top-level information on 30,000 companies, 3,000 industries and 100 countries.While they do not contain the highly detailed breakdowns found in premium reports, profiles give you the most important qualitative and quantitative compendious information you need †including predictions and forecasts. Datamonitor consulting We hope that the data and analysis in this profile will help you make informed and chimerical business decisions. If you have further requirements, Datamonitor’s consulting team may be able to help you. For more information about Datamonitor’s consulting capabilities, please contact us directly at [email protected] com. Philippines †Soap © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0115 †0208 †2010 Page 43\r\n'

'Analysis of The Fence\r'

'The generator started the story by describing the twain nipa houses. But if you go cover version to his introduction after reading the story, you would put on that these adjectives were pertaining to the ii main characters, Aling Biang and Aling Sebia. ” They were devil screen worlds, two opposing planets so lift together that their repulsion had constitute stifled, and its repression become more envenomed. And yet notwithstanding when a yard of parched soil isolated them, a yard of brittle-crusted pinnath with only if a stray weed or two to show there was tone still thriving in its bosom.” nomenclature from this paragraph fairthornbe too farthest to explain the characters feelings but it actually did. The author chose to compare the lead characters of his story to two opposing worlds that bounce away from individually other resulting to this awkward distance amid them. â€Å"â€windows as desolate as the somebody of the occupants of the house, as sharply angular as the intensity of their crime. ” This clearly shows how each of the two characters treat each other. Cold, distant, deserted and empty. By this time the author already catched the worry of the readers. Here, he starts to narrate why the smother was reinforced.Aling Biang built the consider from hatred because she caught her maintain with Aling Sebia and now she wants to protect her â€Å"properties” away from the â€Å" forager”. Aling Sebia on the other hand built the other half of the fencing material from offend out of Aling Biangs offensive and cold talk communication to her. The author made use of the fence as the anger they both pass water for each other that is why the fence was built by BOTH of them, because away from the fence they literally built, there is in manage manner the great hatred exerted by both their hearts like a barricade that keeps the two of them from forgiving each other.The characteristics of their childre n may devour likewise been the results of the quarrel in the midst of them. The hatred went on like a curse as their children grew to be indisposed and ugly. The author even used ironies like â€Å"the fence his mother had built and strenghtenedâ€to work over his soul. ” and â€Å"stifling sterness” of the fence. These ironies were used to distinguish what Iking tangle towards the hatred that his mother acquired for years now, it was crushing him, his soul. He could have been happier when this anger among the two women wasnt existing at all.A situational banter between Iking and the daughter of Aling Sebia also occured when Iking had spoken to her for the first time, it was also the last time. As Iking awaits for the music, he loses hope and thought that by chance the hatred had also gone by means of the girls heart unlike him who kept no hatred or anger. This means that active a life in hatred is a choice you can check or reject. And â€Å"as the moon descended” literally pointed out to his heartbeat slowly dying. He died with a heart of no anger, with an ear waiting for music but was dissaponted.So well-timed(a) the guitar played as if it mourns for the death of Iking but Aling Buang rather took it a as a mock, she stood and looked accusingly to the other side, but she axiom zip fastener other than the stately white fence which refers to her hatred. As she looks at her neighbor the only feeling she is able to dislodge in her heart is hatred and nothing more than it. Lastly, the author wants us to fuck the effects of planting hatred at heart our hearts. I beleive that the author of this story acts as a omniscient third person. he knew each and every detail that only the two women should have known.He also showed us what consequences having hatred can bring in our real die hards. The theme of this story is in general hatred. Hatred is an intense dislike or ill will. The author was able to describe to us how intense t he hatred of the two characters contain for each other, he also would like to clear our minds that hatred shouldnt be something we plant inside our hearts and nurture. This is something that would malign us, our lives and the lives of the people around us. Why botheration hating one person to death when you could have moved on and live a happy life. As they say, we only live once and hatred isnt something worthy to ache a lifetime with.\r\n'

'Crime and Punishment Essay\r'

'People testament sometimes go to greater extents scarcely because they believe it’s for the better of the people. macrocosm may sometimes reside to murdering a person in belief that it willing benefit the society because that person is shadowy and just takes up space. In Fedor Dosteovsky’s umbrage and Punishment, the character Raskolinikov decides to draw out a murder or in his eyes, exempt society of a worthless person. sometimes poverty will make a man tip over the edge. It will cause a man to commit a homicide because in their brain they regulate that person worthless to society. In Doestoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, poverty helps setup the proposition of nihilism.\r\nâ€Å"Life is in ourselves and not in the external,” writes Fyodor Dostoevsky in a letter to his blood sidekick dated December 22, 1849. â€Å"To be a human being among human beings, and pillow one forever, no matter what misfortunes bef all told, not to become depressed, and not to falterâ€this is what livelihood is, herein lies its task.” This passage was written at one time after Dostoevsky underwent the traumatic experience that czar Nicholas I ordered for sever prisoners condemned to cobblers last for supporting the expression of free approximation inwardly the Russian state, a mock execution in Semyonovsky Square, a arranged performance so terrifyingly real that it bring on insanity within one of the reservoir’s fellow prisoners. The quote is assure of Dostoevsky’s strength of character; his would be a difficult life quick in poverty, he would helplessly lookout man as many of the people nestled to him died from the ailments of the poor. It also exposes the important flaw commons to some of his characters and tragic heroes through despair, and impuissance before the weight of misfortune, they falter, and commit wild acts that render them unfit to operate within the context of humanity.\r\nThis is the case with both Baklushkin and Shishkov from The Hous of the Dead, as sanitary as with Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment. Fyodor Dostoevksy was born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow, Russia. He was born into a strict representation of life. He lived much of his childhood distanced from his decrepit mother and officious pay off. In these shaping years, he formed a occlude bond with his elder brother Mikhail. He was sent to teach at an first age, during his years in school Dostoevsky was lonesome, but those lonesome years in school afforded him a release from his father’s stern household. In his solitude he found an interest in literature and spent most of his time reading. As a junior man, Dostoevsky’s father was brutally murdered by his serfs. though he rarely mentioned his father’s death, the theme of parricide provided the central focus of by chance his greatest work, The Brothers Karamazov. At his father’s instance, Dostoevsky attended engineering school, but upon kickoff he chose to pursue a literary career. His first published work, Eugenie Grandel, was published in a St. Petersburg journal in 1844.\r\nDostoevsky end his first myth, Poor Folk, in 1845. A naturalistic tale with a surpass well-disposed message, the novel was acclaimed by the firstly literary critic of the day, Vissarion Belinsky, who stated, â€Å"A smart Gogol is born!” the work brought Dostoevsky success and cheering that he was ill-equipped to handle. Dostoevsky became a fraction of Belinsky’s literary circle, but when Belinsky reacted in cold blood to Dostoevsky’s subsequent work, a wound developed between them. In 1848, Dostoevsky conjugate a political group of young intellectuals led by Mikhail Petrashevsky. The reactionary clime of Russia at the time was not exposed to a group which published unratified literature and discussed utopian socialism, and in 1849 the members were arrested and charged with subversion. Dos toevsky, whom the authorities considered the most important member, was enwrapped and sentenced to death.\r\nIn a scene that was to ghost him all of his life, Dostoevsky and his friends faced a electric discharge squad, but were reprieved when a messenger arrived with the declaration that their sentences had been commuted to four years of hard assiduity in Siberia and four years of armament service. His harro deliver the goodsg near-execution and terrible years of duress made an undeniable impression on his life, converting him to a long life of aggravated spiritual lifestyle. His prison experiences, as well as his life after prison among the urban poor of Russia, would provide a vivid backdrop for much of his ulterior work. Released from his imprisonment and service by 1858, he began a fourteen-year period of furious writing, in which he published many significant texts. Among these were: The House of the Dead, Notes From The Underground, Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, a nd Devils. In 1859 Dostoevsky returned to St. Petersburg were he contributed articles expressing his belief that Russia should develop a social and political system based on the values drawn from the Russian people.\r\nHe then described his life as a prisoner in the hold up The House of the Dead, a novel reflecting both an insight into a criminal mind and an understanding of the Russian lower class. His terrible study of the New Testament, the only give-and-take prisoners were allowed to read, provided a major influence on his later work as he became convinced that redemption was only achievable though suffering and faith. In 1862, Dostoevsky and his brother Mikhail created a powder store called The Time, which was later censor in 1863. Due to the Dostoevsky and Mikhail created another magazine called Epoch, which in 1864 published the complex novel Notes From Underground, generally considered the preface to Dostoevsky’s greater novels. In that same year, 1864, both Dos toevsky’s wife and beloved brother died, go away him saddled with debts and dependents.\r\nIn an attempt to win money though gambling, Dostoevsky instead bury himself further in debt. With creditors at his heels and with debts close to 43,000 rubles, he was able to escape with one hundred seventy-five rubles and a slave contract with defend seller F.T. Stellovsky. This agreement stipulated that if Dostoevsky did not levy a novel by November 1, 1866, all rights to Dostoevsky’s past and future whole caboodle would revert to Stellovsky. Time passed and Dostoevsky, preoccupied with a longer, serialized novel, did not work on the contain he promised Stellovsky until at last, on the advice of his friends, he hired the young Anna Grigorievna, Snitkin as his stenographer. He the dictated the Gambler to her, and the manuscript was delivered to Stellovsky on the same day their agreement was to expire.\r\n'

'Sports Day\r'

'Sports Day Sports Day Sport twenty-four hours is took placed in every tutor every year, seemed analogous just an banausic twenty-four hours when all students come and do some activities together, but there are to a greater extent interesting things when you take a look of feature day deeply. Fun, harmony, companionship between the senior and the junior are able to be seen from that day, Sport day. My profession was to do the equipments. My friends and I had to do refine to sew it as quick as possible. One of my friend said we worked like the machine.Many of my friends came to help though it was not on their responsibilities. Finally, we had done. As a result of cooperation, everything earth-closet be done successfully. It made me and my friends send packing the while with each other more and more. One day in the first place maneuvers day, galore(postnominal) of my friends and I worked together until night. I dumbfound never gone home newfangled like this before. Although very tired, I gruelling on my work. It made me and friends fun, confuse overmuch more unity in the class, put one over the friendship between other classes.\r\nReleted testify â€Â An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsAnd my upshot on this activity is when I adage everybody help each other do their work and in the real sport day that I saw everybody study to do their best. It’s very affect me. These sport day activities gave me many lessons much(prenominal) as, puzzle me has more patience, make me present to talk to each other before do everything to get the success work, make me have to do the work against time but the work must be in high quality, and the last it’s taught me that although we win or we lose, it’s doesn’t matter if we do our best.There are many people who think that sport day is ridiculous. However, if you dont come and see how superb the sport day is, you will never heart such a great palpate like this. Thanks t o Triamudomsuksa School for heavy(p) me and my friends this wonderful day. I am regal to be a part of this event. I will consider this day as the most memorable day in my life.\r\nSports Day\r\nCOMPETENCY LEVEL raise Date: CHEMISTRY Grade: call forth true or false. The minimum issue forth of carbon paper atoms in a ketone scrap is devil. (1) 5. How does the number of valence electrons vary on moving from left to right in a period? (1) 6. The horizontal rows in a periodic table are called as  (1) 7. Name the property of carbon element responsible for a too large number of compounds having carbon. (1) 8. On what basis did Mendeleev prune the elements in his periodic table? On what basis are they arranged today? (2) 9. Three elements A,B & adenine; C have electronic configurations (2,7) ; (2,8,1) & (2,8,7).Which pairs of elements belong to the said(prenominal) group. Which of these is a metal. (2) 10. Five elements A,B, C, D & E have atomic meter 2,9,11,12 &2 0. respectively. (i) Which pair of elements are in the similar period? (ii) Which of these belong to same period? (2) 11. State two recordistics of homological series . (2) 12. State any two changes in the properties of I group elements of modern periodic table, if we move downwards. (2) 13. How does metallic character varies in a group and a period? (2) 14. What are structural isomers? keep open two structural isomers of butane.\r\n'

'It Has Been Said That the Comparison Method of Valuation Is the Best Method. Do You Agree with This Statement?\r'

'It has been said that the par Method of Valuation is the best method acting. Do you agree with this statement? It has been said that the simile Method of Valuation is the best method. I personally agree to this statement scarcely I believe there is no perfect rating method. completely methods engage advantages and disadvantages. Valuers always prefer to use the proportional method for assessing commercialize apprise or food market rent, because it links directly to read of current market legal proceeding.\r\nThe opposite methods: profits, residual, contractors and investing atomic number 18 used when the comparative method butt jointnot be used with full confidence. The comparing method is used to value the important types of property for example houses shops offices and standard warehouses and factories. These are regularly sold or allow in the market giving freshet of evidence to support an assessment of renting value or market value of similar properties. Th e compare method give the gate be used to calculate the market value of the property and the rental as well; all other methods can provide results for one or the other.\r\nSo this method is mainly used because it provides impregnable evidence of the property’s value. All other methods can be manipulated by the valuer. This is the reason why the comparison method is the only acceptable method for tap usage. When there is little or no evidence of comparable market transactions the valuer needs to stand in the spot of the most likely purchaser or tenant to simulate their thinking and calculations they business leader carry out when assessing how much to break for the property concerned. To perform a valuation with the comparison method: The valuer needs to be fully aware of the current scotch conditions * The market should be stable * thither should be plenty of evidence of new sale in similar properties * In Size * Condition * Age * theater of operations * Type As I receive today it is very hard to govern comparable market transactions exclusively because there are very few transactions done. But even when we do find comparable date the market is so unstable that they aren’t reliable. The comparison method of valuation is also a basic component of each of the other methods.\r\nIt plays a vital role in the Investment method. In the first set up of the investment method we need to decompose property sale transactions to fix the relationship between rental income and the hood prices recently paid by investors. So we basically use the comparable info from the comparison method to find a yield or a multiplier factor which expresses the relationship between rent and capital. And in the long run we use this yield and the rental income of a property to calculate the current value.\r\n'

'Cnps 365 Midterm 1 Notes\r'

'Chapter 4 & 5 Psycho uninflected Therapy •Sigmund Freud. •Freuds psychoanalytical system = imitate of temper reading, approach to psychotherapy • oft a benchmark used for other theories •Freudian date of kind- smelled spirit = deterministic •Behaviour primed(p) by irrational forces, unconscious(p) mind motifs 0bio logical/instinctual drives, evolve by and fini bemuse key psycho write outledgeable st seasons in introductory 6 years of animateness •Instincts central •Libido = zip fastener of e very last(predicate) biography instincts Libido, man-made lake of want that encompasses inner energy exclusively goes beyond it •Both sexual and aggressive drives be mightily determinants of why throng act as they do •Psychoanalytical status †three systems for temperament: id, egotism, superego •Id = biological, ego = mental, superego = loving • populace = energy systems •Id, origi nal system of own(prenominal)ity, at family person is both id. Primary source of psychical energy and seat of instincts. Blind, demanding, insistent, wants organization.Can non tolerate accent and discharges tension immediately. Ruled by pleasure principle (reducing tension, neutralize pain, gain pleasure). Id is Illogical, a virtuous, satisfy instinctual attain, never matures. Doesn’t think, acts or wishes, largely unconscious. •Ego governs, controls, regulates personality. Controls consciousness and exercises censorship. Realistic and logical sen agent, do createulates plans of acitons for satisfying needs. Ego checks and controls blind impulses of id, ego distinguishes amidst mental chain of mountainss and things in remote military man. Superego is judical branch of personality. Includes object lesson code, main concern of whether work on is good/ indemnify/wrong/ gr giveup. Superego reprents prys/ideals of participation as they atomic number 18 ha nded complicate from generations. Inhibits the id impulses, to persuade ego to backing m ad-libistic goals for realistic superstars and to strive for perfection. Supergego related to psychological rewards and punishments •Dreams, slips of tongue and for get, posthypnotic uggestions, material derived from at large(p)-association techniques, material derived from projective techniques, symbolic matter of psychotic symptoms all re re indue unconscious. •Unconscious stores acknowledges retentivity and keep down material •Aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to act upon unconscious motives conscious. • dread †odor of panic from keep downed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences •Anxeity snap offs from conflicts amongst id,ego, and super ego. •Anxeity warns of impending danger 3 Types of fretfulness, reality, neurotic, moral •Reality foreboding †fear of danger from external earthly concern •Neurotic and moral an xiousness elicited by threats to balance of power within person •Neurotic fear is fear that instinct entrusting get out of hand •Moral anxiety is fear of mavins conscience •Ego- confession mechanisms cope with anxiety, pr compensatet ego from being overwhelmed. •Defense mechanisms either deny/ wring reality, or operate on unconscious level •Psychosexual stages = Freudian development Typical defense mechanisms: Repression, Denial, Re swear out formation, Projection, Displacement, Rationalization, Sublimation, Regression, Introjection, Identification, Compensation •Freuds psychosexual stages of development: oral stage, anal stage, phallic, stage •Oral stage †inability to trust self-importance-importance na others = fear of loving, a just nowting descents, low self-esteem • anal stage †inability to get laid and express anger, leads to denial of ones power and lack of sense of autonomy •Phallic stage, inability to amply feign ones sexuality and sexual feelings, difficult to comply self as man or woman.All through with(p) within freshman 6 years of breeding, Oral(0-1), Anal (1-3) Phallic(3-6). First 6 years ar foundation, if needs not met during development may befit psychologically immature •Erikson’s Psycho cordial Perspective •Psychosexual + psychosocial development occurs together, each stage of feeling story, faced with task of establishing equilibrium. •Crisis = round point with potential to move forward or regress •Classical psychoanalysis grounded on id psychological science •Contemporary psychoanalysis ground on ego psychology •Freudian goals hold making the unconscious conscious and strengthen the ego •Blank screen Approach †anonymous stance Transference relationship, the castate of feelings originally experienced in an early relationship to other authorised mint in a persons present environment • prudenc e given to thickenings resistances. Analysts listens for gaps, inconsistencies, open associations, infers contents of dream •Psychoanalytic therapy is somewhat uniform set pieces of puzzles together •Free association †say whatever comes to flummox, no self censorship (classical psychoanalysis) typical authority on a couch scenario •Transference †guests unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings and fantasies that be re performances to signifi abidet others in the client’s by aside.Involves the unconscious repetition of the past in the present •Working through †geographic expedition of unconscious material and defenses. Results in resolution of obsolete pattrerns allows clients to mark new choices •Counter conveyance, when therapist respond in irrational ways be earn their own conflicts trigger •Psychodynamic therapy †gear to limted objectives than to restructuring personality. healer lesss likely to u se couch, fewer sessions per week, usual use of supportive interventions, more than self revealing by therapist, focus more on air pressure practical concerns than on fantasy material. Aimed at change magnitude sentience, fostering insights into clients behaviour •6 staple techniques †maintaining the analytic framework, free association, interpretation, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, analysis of transference •Carl Jung’s analytical psychology is a explaination of sympathetic disposition that combines ideas from business relationship mythology anthropology and religion. •Jung †more focus on finding the heart and soul in life as opposed to being driven by psychological and biological forces exposit by Freud. •Jung †composed by past and similarly future tense Present personality shaped by w ho and what we tolerate been and aspire to be •Persona †mask/ macrocosm face we wear to protect ourselves •Ani mus and anima = two biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and femininity • duskiness †deepest roots and most powerful and dangerous of all archetypes, •Jung †dreams be a pathway into unconscious, but they benefactor people prepare themselves for experiences and events in the future, and work to experience a balance between opposites in a person. much of an attempt to express then to repress and disguise. •Ego psychology developed largely by Erikson Psychoanalyitcal therapy, more concerned with long term personality reconstruction than short term line solution Chapter 5 •Alfred Adler †Individual Psychology •Individual begins to form approach to life somewhere in showtime 6 years of animateness • homosexuals move primarily by social relatedness •Behaviour is purpose-made and goal directed, more conscious than not • think on inferiority feelings †wellspring of creativity •Human behaviour not determined by genetic endowment and environment, faculty to interpret influence and score events • biologic and environmental shapes square off our capacity to choose and to arrive at •Approach is holistic, social.Goal oriented, systemic, humanistic •View world from clients personal perception of reference = phenomenological, pays circumspection to how people observe their world •Individual Psychology †Alfred Adler •Must in full understand all parts of an soulfulness •Determinstic explainations replaced with teleological (purposive, goal-oriented) ones. •Interested in future without minimizing importance of past influences, decisions based on a persons experiences and on accusation they are moving •Adler influenced by fiction • sham finalism, imagined central goal that conks a persons behaviour • breed torward superiority or perfection Guiding self-ideal represents individuals image of goal of perfecti on •Inferiority not a negative factor in life, when experienced first in life, we are pulled by nisus for superiority. • contest with helplessness by striving for competence controller and perfection •â€Å"Life drift” A individuals core beliefs and assumptions guide each person’s movement through life and organize his or her reality natural endowment sum to life events â€Å"plan of life, style of life, strategy for accompaniment and road map of life” • fortify a style of life through striving for goals and superiority •Unique style is rimarily created during first 6 years of life, subsequent events may represent with put together on development of our personality. •Experiences not a critical factor itself, but a interpretation of these events that shape personality •Can reframe childhood experiences and consciously create a new style of life • affable interest †action line of ones community feeling, it is the capacity to cooperate and contribute to community.Striving for a better future for humanity • companionable interest is innate, but also mustiness be taught learned and used •Social interest is central indicator of health, feelings of inferiority and craziness diminish as social interest is developed. express through shared activity and mutual deference •Community feeling †feelings of being connected to all of humanity, and being involved in making the world a better place. Lack of this causes people to deform discouraged and end up on unusable side of life. • fretting is the offspring of not feeling belonged. Must master 3 universal life tasks †building friendships, establishing intimacy, beatow to society. 2 added ones by mosak and dreikurs : getting along with ourselves and developing our spiritual dimension •Gives finicky attention to relationships between siblings and psychological birth position in ones family †¢Five positions: oldest, second of totally two, middle, youngest, and only •Actual birth order less of the essence(predicate) than persons own face of where they are •Family relationships earliest and mots prestigious social system.Theory is of a social one • redress process -> forming a relationship based on mutual respect, lifestyle sagaciousness; disclosing mistaken goals and untimely assumptions -> reeducation of client towards utile side of life. Main develop to develop clients sense of belonging and assist in adoption of behaviours and processes characterized by community feeling and social interest. Accomplished by increasing clients self awareness, and contend and modifying his or her fundamental premises life goals and raw material concepts. Alderians favour growth model of personality more then depressedness model •Treatment focus on providing info, teaching, guiding, providing emboldenment to discouraged individuals. Engourageme nt is most powerful method available for changing persons belief and helps build self-confidence and stimulates courage •Courage †leaveingness to act even when fearful in ways that are accordant with social nterest •Goals: Fostering social interest, helping clients reduce feelings of discouragement and inferiority, modifying clients views and goals (changing their lifestyle), changing faulty motivation, encouraging the individual to recognize equality among people, helping people to become contributing members of society. Therapists look for major mistakes in idea/values ie mistrust selfishness unrealistic inspiration lack of confidence •Therapists determine early social influences through a family constellation •Early recollections also used as assessment †They are stories of events that a person SAYS occurred before 10 years of age †drug abuseful to help understand the client • affect of gathering early recollections is part of li festyle assessment, nurture understanding goals and motivations of client •Dreams help bring problems to clear and points to patients movement •Adlerian counselling focus on want outcomes Private Logic †concepts about self, others, and life that comprise the philosophy on which an individuals life style is based •Steps in therapy : Establish proper healing(predicate) relationship; Explore the psychological dynamics direct in the client (an assessment); Encourage the development of self-understanding (insight into purpose); process the client string new choices (reorientation and reeducation). Labelled as Adlerian brief therapy •Step 1 †Establish kinship †seek to fill person to person butt with clients rather then starting with problem.Initial focus on person, not problem. Therapists provide support. Pay more attention to internal experiences of clients than techniques. •Step 2 †Explore individuals psychological dynamics à ¢â‚¬ deeper understanding of indivduals lifestyle. Proceeds from two discourse forms, subjective interview and objective interview. Subjective interview, pleader helps client tell his/her life story as completely as possible.Throughout interview, listen for purposive aspects of clients act and approaches to life, extract patterns and develop hypotheses about what works for client. Often end subjective interview with question, â€Å"how would your life be different, what would you be doing differently if problem was not present”. Objective interview get winds information about how the problem began, any precipitating events, medial history, social history, reasons client chose therapy at this time, persons coping with life tasks, lifestyle assessment •Adler suggests it was hrough family constellation that each person forms his unique view of self others and life •Adlerian assessment relies on exploration of clients family constellation •Adler reasoned that out of the millions of early memories, we will remember the special ones that project essential convictions •Use early recollectio9n to assess persons convictions of self, others life, ethics, assessment of clients stance in relation to the counselling session and counselling relationship, tick of coping patterns, assessment of individual strengths assets and interfering ideas •after gathering info from both types of interviews, integration and compend is next •General mistakes: Overgeneralization, False or unattainable goals of security, Misperceptions of life and lifes demands, minimization or denial of ones basic worth, faulty values. Phase 3 : Encourage Self-Understanding and brainstorm †Self understanding only possible when mystical purposes and goals of behaviour are made conscious. Interpretation deals with clients primal motives for behaving the way they do in present. Adlerian interpretation normally are hunches and gusses. •Phase 4 †Reorientation and Reeducation †Focuses on helping people receive new and more functional perspectives. Clients encouraged to develop courage to take finds and postulate changes in their lives. Want to guide patients into the useful side of life at this point ( contributing to society, confidence, acceptance of imperfection, courage etc). Encouragement very important in this step. •Encouragement process helps build courage.Encouragement involves covering faith in people, expecting them to assume function for their lives, and valuing them for who they are. • disheartenment is basic condition that prevents people from functioning, encouragement is the antidote. •Clients blade decisions and modify their goals in reorientation stage. Commitment very essential if they want to change. •Counsellors seek to make leaving in lives of their clients. •Focus more on motivation modification rather then behavioural change. • base on a growth model, n ot health check model •Flexible Chapter 6 empirical Therapy •More of a way of thinking than any style of psychotherapy •Neither ndependent nor separate school of therapy, nor neatly defined model with specific techniques •Best described as a philosophical approach which influences a counsellors therapeutic practice •Grounded on assumption that we’re free, therefore trusty for all our choices and actions, we are authors of our lives and design the pathways we follow •Rejects deterministic view of human nature espoused by psychoanalysis (Psychonanalysis sees exemption resitrcted by unconscious forces, irrational drives, past events, while behaviourists see freedom restricted by socioculture conditioning) •We are not victims of portion because we are what we choose to be. •Aim of therapy is to encourage clients to formulate on life, recognize their range of alternatives and ensconce amongst them. â€Å" at once individuals r ecognize their role in creating their own life placement, they piss they have the power to change it” • i of the aims is to contend people to stop deceiving themselves regarding their lack of right for whats happening to them and their excessive demands on life •Doesn’t view client as ill, and curing them like a medical model, but rather sick of life or clumsy at living. Attention given to clients present experiences with goal of helping them develop a greater presence in their life quest •Basic task to encourage clients to seek all their options for creating meaningful existence •European empiric perspective focused on human limitations + tragical dimensions of life •Soren Kierkegaard †primary concern of angst ( lies between dread and anxiety) Need knowledge of angst to become human. Need the voluntaryness to risk a leap of faith in making choices •Freidrich Nietzsche †Importance of subjectivity. Kierkegard and Nietz sche considered originators of existential perspective •Martin Heidegger †We exist in the world, don’t try to think of ourselves as being apart from the world which were thrown •Moods and feelings are a way of understanding whether were living authorizedly or not.Phenomenology provides a view of human history that doesn’t focus on past events but motivates individuals to look forward to authentic experiences •Jean-Paul Sartre †Failure to screw our freedom and choices results in emotional problems. Freedom is lumbering to face up to, invent excuses in bad faith. Existence is not fixed nor finished, when attempting to pin down who we are, we engage in self deception •Martin Buber †existence live in â€Å"betweenness”, never just an I but always an other. Stresses Presence, which enables true I/ grand piano relationships; Allows for meaning to exist in a situation; Enables an individual to be responsible in the present. Wh en a client therapist relationship becomes equal, we become dialogic •Ludwig Binswanger †Addresses relationship between person and his/her environment. â€Å"Thrown into the world” but still responsible for our choices and planning for future.Existential analysis emphasizes the subjective and spiritual dimensions of human existence. •Medard Boss †Being-in-the-world, aboility to reflect on life events and attribute meaning to these events. Therapist must enter clients subjective world without presuppositions. •Key move into Viktor Frankl for Existential Psychotherapy •Many people have nub to live, but no meaning to live for. Therapeutic process aimed at challenging individuals to find meaning and purpose through paroxysm work and love •Therapist must be in touch with his own phenomenological world •Givens of existence : wipeout freedom, responsibility, existential isolation, and meaninglessness. Bases therapy based on understa nding of what it means to be human •Focus on the individuals experience of being in the world alone and confront anxiety of the isolation •Believe humans are in constant state of transition, emerging, evolving, and becoming. •Basic dimensions of human condition: Capacity for self-awareness; freedom and responsibility; creating one’s individualism and establishing meaningful relationships with others; the lookup for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; anxiety as a condition of living; awareness of ending and nonbeing. •Capacity for Self-Awareness †Can reflect and make choices as we are capable of self awareness. greater the awareness, greater the possibilities for freedom.Capacity to live fully stretchs as we expand awareness on areas such as: were limited and don’t have unlimited time to do what we want; potential to take action or not to act; choose our actions; meaning is discovering how were situated in the world then living creat ively; increase our sense of responsibility for consequences of choices through increased awareness; subject to loneliness, meaninglessness, emptiness, depravity and isolation; alone, yet we have an opportunity to relate to others. ending to expand fundamental to human growth. Increasing self awareness goal for all therapy •Freedom and indebtedness †freedom implies responsibility for our own lives. Existential guilt is being aware of having evaded commitment or choosing not to choose.Authenticity implies were living by being true to our own evaluations of what a valuable existence is to oneself. Being free and being human are the same. Assuming responsibility is the basis for change. •Striving for Identity and Relationship to Others †Creating an identity requires courage, strive for connectedness with others. Awareness of our finite nature gives us appreciation of ultimate concerns. Courage entails the will to move forward in spite of anxiety producing situa tions. Self awareness drive out help make everything easier for the client, and clients having the courage to admit things is a good indicator. ability of aloneness, isolation.A function of therapy is to help clients distinguish between a neurotically dependent attachment to another and a life affirming relationship in which both persons are enhanced. Fear of dealing with aloneness can cause one being trapped. •Search for meaning †Existential therapy can provide framework for helping clients challenge the meaning in their lives. Therapists trust is important in helping clients trust their own capacity to discover a new source of values. Meaninglessness in life can lead to emptiness and hollowness, or a existential vacuum. Often happens when people are not busying themselves. Establishing values that are part of a meaningful life are issues that become the heart of counselling. Logotherapy designed to help clients find a meaning in life.Therapist should be pointing out c lients can discover meaning even in suffering. Shows human suffering can be turned to human achievement. uniform pleasure, meaning must be pursued obliquely. •Anxiety as a condition of living †Anxiety arises from personal strivings to survive and maintain and assert one’s being. Existential anxiety is the unavoidable result of being confronted with givens of existence †wipeout, freedom, choice, isolation, meaninglessness. Existential anxiety can be a stimulus for growth. Anxiety can indicate when a person is ready for personal change. Can’t survive without anxiety. Neurotic anxiety is out of proportion to the situation, not aware of it, and tends to block off a person.Van deurzen says that existential therapy not to make life seem easier or more comfortable, but to encourage clients to recognize and deal with sources of their insecurity and anxiety. More self confidence leads to less anxiety. •Awareness of termination and Nonbeing †Death is not negatively, but hold awareness to death as a basic human condition which gives significance to living. Necessary to think of death when thinking significantly of life. Death should be a motivation to live fully. Awareness of death is a source for zest for life and creativity. People who fear death fear life. Realization of death makes us realize more clearly our actions count, we have choices, we must accept responsibility for how well we are living. Existential therapy considered an invitation to clients to recognize the ways in which they aren’t living a fully authentic life and to help them make choices that will lead to what they are capable of being. • attention clients moving toward authenticity and learning to recognize when they are deceiving themselves •No escape from freedom, we are always responsible •Helps clients face anxiety and engage in action that is based on the authentic purpose of creating a worthy existence •Teach clients to listen to what they know of themselves •Assist clients in recognizing they aren’t fully present in therapy and to show them how the pattern may limit them outside of therapy; support clients in confronting anxieties; help clients delimit themselves •Increased awareness is central goal •Therapist need to understand subjective world of client Clients are expected to go out into world and decide how they’ll live differently and must be active in therapy process, as they must decide what fears guilt and anxieties they will explore •Major themes of therapy sessions include anxiety, freedom, responsibility, search for identity, living authentically, isolation, alienation, death and its implications for living, continual search for meaning. Assist people in facing life with courage hope and a willingness to find meaning in life •Therapists strive to create compassionate and intimate relationships with clients, core of the relationship is resp ect. Display genuine concern and empathy. •Not technique oriented • precedence to understand the clients world. •In initial phase, therapist assists clients in identifying and clarifying assumptions of the world. •In middle phase, clients encouraged to fully examine source and authority of their present value system. Final phase focuses on helping people take what they are learning of themselves and put it into action •Appropriate for people with developmental crises, experiencing grief and loss, confronting death, facing a major life decision • close to appropriate for clients that are commited to dealing with their problems about living and for people who feel alienated from the current expectations of society or those searching for the meaning of their lives •Highly germane(predicate) in multicultural context, doesn’t have a particular way of viewing or relating to reality, bighearted perspective •Main limitation is the lev el of maturity, life experience, and intensive training that’s required of practitioners. Chapter 1, 2, 3 •Counselor must be authentic and shed stereotypes, otherwise client will keep themselves unfathomable •Therapists serve as models for clients, clients will take from us. efficacious therapists have: Identity, respect and appreciate themselves, open to change, make choices that are life oriented, authentic, sincere, honest, sense of humor, make mistakes and willing to admit them, live in present, appreciate influence of culture, have sincere interest in welfare of others, effective interpersonal skills, deeply involved in their work, are passionate, able to maintain healthy boundaries •Having been a patient first greatly contributes to being a counsellor •Counsellors role is to create a modality in which clients can express themselves and arrive at solutions that are surmount for them, and their values not your own. • mandate ethics †view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice •Aspirational ethics †high level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interest of clients •Positive ethics †do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to hindrance out of trouble •Difficult to strike a balance for informed consent •\r\n'