2008 Summer Olympics Essay

Published by 2008 by Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved. No discontinue of this work may be reproduced or utilized in both(prenominal) form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in make-up from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, vernal York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS existence Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3.The economic science of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 7. Practicum on Sportscasting Chapter 8. The Future of Sportscasters/Sportscasting Suggestions for Teaching Sportscasting Syllabus Critical Dates school-age child Profile Invitation for Sportscaster Speaker 5 7 13 19 25 33 41 55 61 65 67 69 73 75 Introduction Conceived as a accompaniment to Sportscasters/Sportscasting Principles and Practices, this collection of exercises adds to the pedagogical mix.Following the outline of a broad hail to understanding the topicwhich includes the score, economics, audience, media, sociology, practicality, and future concerns of loosenesss and sportscasting, it has this general outline Chapter l. Introduction to the schooling of sports commentators and sportscasting Chapter 2. The historical development of sports and sportscasting Chapter 3. The economics of sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting (sports advertisers and advertising, sport touristry, sports marketing and management, the sports-media complex, sportscasters winings, and sports sponsorship) Chapter 4.Audiences for sports and sportscasting (U. S. audiences, international au diences, and particular(prenominal) final results) Chapter 5. The reference of the media in sports and sportscasting (print media, broadcasting, and beyond, sportscastersthe Jockocracy issue, sportscasters as celebrities, and sportscaster profiles) Chapter 6. Sociocultural perspectives on sports and sportscasting (pervasiveness and salience of sports, role modeling/heroes, and issuesracial and gender digation) Chapter 7. Practicum on sportscasting Chapter 8.Future concerns and considerations active sports and sportscasting Designed for teachers and students, as intimately as any maven inte balanceed in the topic, the dresss in Sportscasting includes a range of ap5 6 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING proaches. The idea here is that participants in this process will pauperism to learn as much as they nooky much or less the drug-addicted. As you will intoxicate, each chapter offers several slipway to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics wi th family and friends and/or in the classroom, and closely argon meant to get you both remembering and public lecture about sportscasting-related issues. at that betoken also atomic number 18 a number of bibliographic lists, encouraging however research on various topics, along with an onward motion to account on your reading that encourages replete of life ciphering. model 1. 4 is a Fill in the blanks, with the answers on the next page, as is Exercise 2. 3 Sport history number ones, and the essays in Exercise 2. 4 have suggested inclusions for answers. If you are interested in doing survey scholarship, there are ii examples here Exercise 4. 5 offers directions on how to get information on audiences for the majestic juicys, along with a sample and coding forms, and Exercise 5.8 gos you a good compass for interviewing sportscasters. In the hope that you use soft drinks, as suggested, you should enjoy Exercise 5. 6, The Brent Musburger Drinking Game an otherwisew ise(a) way to monitor sportscasterspeak. thither actually are a number of fun exercises here, as you will see. In terms of the practicum, you are asked to consider the field of sports journalism, examine sports cliches, work a resume, analyze your interpretive program, and actually arrange sportscasting. As in anything else, the more than you are willing to try these various activities, the more it will uph darkened you in the long run. This is, after all, only your beginning.After the exercises is a furcate section focusing on the way this course has been taught in the past. It includes the quest 1. Syllabus 2. Critical Dates 3. Student profile 4. A suggested invitation for a sportscaster speaker Designed for teachers, this section is suggestive only, and is open to inputas is, in fact, this whole project. Your responses are encouraged, and I wish you soundly in your analysis of and/or career in sportscasting. Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasti ng Exercise 1. 1 Your Definition/Description of Sportscasting We all have our own accepts with the emergence of sportscasting.Tell about yours, including your interest in the topic. At some render, give your own definition and/or explanation of sportscasting. In addition, what has been your personal hold up with sportscasting and sportscasters? declare you met any sportscasters personally? Who are your favourite(a)s? Who are your least favorite(s)? bet about why, and share your designs. Exercise 1. 2 Globalization of Sports ( allow review) From the bibliography that follows, conduct a restrain and critique it, including the following information 1. The volume Full invoke of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations.2. Author(s) Who she or he isprofession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. descriptor of reference The writers point of view, or bias. Do you think she or he is qualified to write abou t this subject? Is the control based on personal experience? 4. Thesis What is the main(prenominal) point here? wherefore do you think this book was create verbally? empathize the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported. 7 8 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 5. Evidence What kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are logical?Are the conclusions under- or everywherestated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to noesis What does this book add to both your education and that of others who index read it? Who king like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book Was it well write? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. general personal reaction Was reading this book and writing this book accounting a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Bibliography on Globa lization Allison, capital of Nebraska (2006). The global politics of sport The role of global institutions in sport. Oxford, UK Routledge.Amis, posterior (2005). Global sport sponsorship. Oxford, UK Berg Publishing. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture Essays on sport in late capitalist America. radical York slit Lang. Baimer, A. 2001. Sport, nationalism, and globalization European and North American perspectives. capital of invigorated York, NY SUNY. Chandler, Joan M. 1988. video recording and national sport The U. S. and Britain. Urbana, IL University of Illinois Press. Cronin, Mike and David Mayall (Eds. ) (1998). Sporting nationalisms. Oxford, UK Taylor & Francis, Inc. Eitzen, D. Stanley (Ed. ) (2004). Sport in contemporary society An anthology, seventh ed.Boulder, CO Paradigm Publishers. Foer, Franklin. 2004. How soccer explains the dry land An unlikely theory of globalization. refreshing York Harper Perennial. Gems, Gerald R. (2006). The athletic crusade Sp ort and American cultural imperialism. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. Houlihan, Barrie. 1994. Sport and international politics. NY Harvester Wheatsheaf. Ingham, Alan G. and John W. Loy (eds. ) 1993. Sport in social development Traditions, transitions, and transformations. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Maguire, Joseph. 1999. Global sport Identities, societies, civilizations. Cambridge, UK economy Press.Majumdar, Boria and Fan Hong (Eds. ) (2006). Modern sport the global obsession. Oxford, UK Routledge. Miller, Toby, Geoffrey juristic philosophyrence, Jim McKay, and David Rowe (2001). Globalization and sport play the world. capital of the United Kingdom Sage. Roche, Maurice (2001). Mega-events and rawity Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. London Routledge. instructors Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A peppy of two halves football game fandom, television and globalisation. London Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pasti me How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer.Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan and Christopher Young (Eds. ) (2006). National identity and global sports events. Albany State University of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and Beverley motherfuckerson (2001). Global games. Champaign, IL University of Illinois Press. Wenner, Lawrence A. (Ed. ) (1998). MediaSport. New York Routledge. Westerbeek, Han and Aaron Smith (2003). Sport dividing line in the global marketplace. New York Palgrave Macmillan. Whannel, Garry (1992). palm in vision TV sport and cultural transformation. London Routledge. Wilson, John. 1994. compete by the rules Sport, society, and the state. Detroit, MI Wayne State UP. Exercise 1. 3 Sportscasting head starts Lou Schwartz has put together a list of Sportscasting counterbalance gears, 1920Present, available at http//www. americansporscasteronline. com, from American Sportscasters Online. Choose one of these events to res earch further, and feel free to add more to the list. Sept. 6, 1920 outgrowth tuner mobilise of a Prizefight -Jack Dempsey versus Billy Miske WWJ Nov. 25, 1920 First receiving set receiver Play-by-Play syllabus of a Collegiate football game Game Texas University versus Mechanical College of Texas WTAW Aug.5, 1921 First wireless computer programme of a Baseball Game-Pittsburgh Pirates versus Philadelphia Phillies Harold Arlin on KDKA Aug. 6, 1921 First Radio Broadcast of a Tennis Match Australia versus Great Britian, Davis Cup Harold Arlin on KDKA Oct. 5, 1921 First Radio Broadcast of a World Series- New York Yankees versus New York Giants flaxen Hunt and Tommy Cowan on WJZ Oct. 7, 1922 First Radio Chain Broadcast- WJZ and WGY transmitted a World Series game from the field Grantland Rice and Graham McNamee 10 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Nov. 24, 1923 First Radio Broadcast of the Annual Army navy football game Graham McNamee Jan.1, 1927 First Coast-to-Coast Radio Program Univ. of aluminum versus Stanford originating from Pasadena, California, broadcast from the Rose Bowl NBC net profit May 17, 1939 First Televised Sports legalitysuit Columbia versus Princeton baseball Bill Stern on NBC Aug. 26, 1939 First tv set Broadcast of a Pro Baseball Game Cincinnati Reds versus Brooklyn Dodgers Red barber on W2XBS Oct. 22, 1939 First video Broadcast of a Pro Football Game-Brooklyn Dodgers versus Philadelphia Eagles W2XBS Feb. 25, 1940 First Television Broadcast of a Hockey GameNew York Rangers versus Montreal Canadiens -W2XBS Feb.28, 1940 First Televsion Broadcast of a Basketball Game Fordham versus U. of Pittsburgh W2XBS Sept. 30, 1947 First Televised World Series-New York Yankees versus Brooklyn Dodgers aired on three stations WABD, WCBS, WNBT -Bob Edge, Bob Stanton and Bill Slater Oct. 3, 1951 First Coast-to-Coast Television Broadcast of a Baseball Game-NY Giants versus Brooklyn Dodgers, Game 3 of NL playoffs. Giants win on Bobby Thomsons homerun known as the Shot Heard Round the World. Aug. 26, 1955 First Color Television broadcast Davis Cup match between Australia and the U. S. NBC July 23, 1962 First Satellite Telecast via Telstar Communications included portion of Chicago Cubs versus Philadelphia Phillies from Wrigley field of battle Jack Brickhouse Jan. 15, 1967 First Television Broadcast of a Football Championship- chiliad Bay Packers versus Kansas City Chiefs Jack Buck Nov. 8, 1972 First Sports Telecast by HBO New York Rangers versus Vancouver Canucks from Madison Square Garden reaches HBOs 365 subscribers in Wilkes Barre, Pa. Marty Glickman teachers Manual 11 Aug. 16, 1976 First Pro Football Game Outside the United States- St.Louis Cardinals versus San Diego Chargers in Japan- Jack Buck Aug. 3, 1993 First adult female to do Television Play-by-Play of a Baseball Game -Colorado Rockies versus Cincinnati Reds Gayle Gardner on KNGN-TV in Denver Exercise 1. 4 Fill in the Blanks 1. The evo lution of sportscasting has asleep(p) from sports reporting for information to in terms of its profitability. 2. Sportscasting is a $ industry. 3. Television executives and advertisers are primarily interested in sportscasters who can .4. Super Bowl quid helps draw audiences of (number) viewers with advertising costing $ per minute.at ABC is credited with service of process that engagement become 5. known for its sports, introducing shows like Wide World of Sports in 1967 and Monday Night Football in 1970. 6. Women sportscasters, although few in number, include , , and . 7. consort to Red Barber, was the first genuine pioneer in radio sports announcing. 8. In the 1960s, the annual number of network hours of sports programming was 787 in the seventies, 1,340 and now it is . in advertising for 9. The major networks sell about $ sports. 10. Leading sportscasters currently earn salaries of -figure incomes. 11.Sporting events created for television, such as celebrity tennis or billi ards, The Skins Games, battles of network superstars, and shows like them are called . 12. ABC paid $ for rights to the 1984 Los Angeles Olymfor the 1988 Calgary Olympics, and NBC paid pics, $ $ for the 2006 Torino Olympics and 2008 Beijing Olympics. 13. Americans pass off about % of our gross national product (GNP) on sports.12 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 14. Sports marketing statistics show corporate sponsorship costs of $ for endorsements from sports figures, and about on event sponsorship and participation. $ 15. My personal favorite sportscaster is .Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Infotainment Multibillion dollar industry sick and sustain audiences 140+ one million million million viewers, with advertising costing $2 million per xxx helps Roone Arledge bloody shame Carillo, Gayle Gardner, Robin Roberts, Lesley Visser, etc. Major J. Andrew White 24/7 ABC $1. 33 billion, CBS $1. 43 billion, NBC $472 million, ESPN $1. 16 billion and ESPN2 $219 millio n, mix up $1. 18 billion, and TNT $221 million. Seven Trashsports ABC$225 million 1984 $309 million 1988 NBC$1. 5 billion for 2006 and 2008 One (1) percent $900 million for endorsements, $7.7 billion for sponsorships (students choice) Chapter 2 The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Exercise 2. 1 Oral Histories on Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting believably the take up way for you to understand and appreciate the history of sports and sportscasting is by talking to people who have experience with the past. Let me suggest that you conduct interviews with two personspreferably one male and one female, preferably separately, preferably both born before or during World War II about their first memories with sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting.Use your own knowledge about the history, economics, politics, content trends, and sociocultural implications of radio and television in your interviews. Prompt your interviewees to remember some of their favorite e arly programs, performers, even advertisers. Write up a summary of your findings, including luxuriant descriptions on when and where the interviews were performed, how long they lasted, whether you tape-recorded responses and/or wrote them down, whether or not those responses are reported verbatim, and overall how you felt about the survey procedure.Also, provide minute descriptions about the persons you interviewed, especially demographically. This method has proven to be a absorbing way to learn history, and old-timers really enjoy the process. Be sure to convey them for sharing their memories Exercise 2. 2 Hype in Sports History Often, we competency wonder about what is hyped in sports history, and what might be ignored. As a sports scholar, you might consider the 13 14 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING following approach to sports media criticism of television and/or film 1.Who are the actors in this chronological succession or series, and what roles do they play? 2. Who made the program or plastic film production company, producer, director, writer, director of cinematography, and so on? Have I seen other works by these people? Is it pertinent to know and mention them? 3. Do I like this episode or motion-picture show? Why? Why not? 4. Have I been fair with this episode or word-painting after only one viewing, or should I see it a second time to see what I might have helpless? 5. What biases might I have toward the episode or movies star(s), director, and/or subject matter? 6.Have I been as intent as possible? Have I used examples to support my views? Have I been prejudiced by my attitude toward the episode or movies theme or plot? Have I set forth it accurately? Exercise 2. 3 Sports History Firsts Fill in the blanks. 1. The first successful sports broadcast in the United States 2. In baseball, this broadcast took place during its 53rd season . 3. Describe the first World Series sportscast ________________ _____________________________________________ _____ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 4.Jack Graney, the first ex-athlete to occupy the broadcast booth, became known as __________________________________. 5. The first Olympic Games broadcast for the American public were ____________________________________________. 6. Davis Cup, the first tennis match, had reportage on this date _________________________________________________. 7. The first broadcast of a college football game was __________. 8. Radio covered the first boxing match between whom _______. Instructors Manual 15 9. The first live sporting event on television was _____________.10. Regarding the print media, what was the first sport magazine to debut in the 1820s __________________________________. 11. The new-madespaper that had the first distinct sports section ______. 12. Name the first passing(a) newspaper totally devoted to sports, with regional sections ___________________________________. 1 3. HBOs first regional sportscast ________________________. 14. ESPN, the first twenty-four-hour all-sports cable network, began _____________________________________________. 15. Ted Turners Goodwill Games first began ________________. Answers 1.April 11, 1921, when the Pittsburgh Posts sports editor, Florent Gibson, did the play-by-play over station KDKA, describing the no-decision fight between knot Ray and Johnny Dundee at Pittsburghs Motor Square Garden. 2. appalling 5, 1921, broadcast by Harold ArlinPittsburgh Pirates defeating the Philadelphia Phillies 8-5. 3. Thomas Cowan, sitting in a New York studio, recreated for the radio audience over stations WJZ and WBZ the 1921 World Series on October 5, as the New York Giants defeated the New York Yankees 5-3. Grantland Rice did the play-by-play. 4. The Voice of the Indians, 1932. 5.1932 radio reports from Lake Placid for the winter games, Los Angeles for the summer games. Ted Husing provided summaries on WABC in New York. 6. Augu st, 1921 over KDKA. 7. November 5, 1921, with Harold Arlin of KDKA covering Pittsburgh versus West Virginia he yelled so hard at one touchdown that he knocked the station off the air. 8. Over WJY in 1921, the world heavyweight championship prize fight between Jack Dempsey and George Carpentier of France. 9. The second game of a baseball double-header between Columbia and Princeton, covered by Bill Stern out of New Yorks Baker surface area on May 17, 1939.10. William Trotter Porters Spirit of the Times. 11. William Randolph Hearsts New York Journal, 1895. 12. Frank DeFords The National, which debuted January, 1990. 16 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 13. 1972 hockey game between the New York Rangers and Vancouver Canucks. 14. September, 1979. 15. 1986. Exercise 2. 4 Essays 1. Describe the broad trends that best depict qualifications of what makes and have made the best sportscasters over the years. 2. Trace the developments from sports journalism to sports broadcasting. 3.Discuss sportsca sters themselves as sponsors, celebrities/stars, as fans favorites, as former athletes (jockocracy), and as newscasters. 4. chalk out some of the distinctions of the symbiosis between media and sport. Suggested Essay Answers 1. In the early days, voice was the most distinguishing characteristic. Review the Waldo Abbott 1941 quotation about phraseology, diction, rules, and regulations, and review some early sports journalists. The second phase of sportscasting concentrated more on knowledge of sport, and began the practice known as jockocracy. Currently, it appears that knowledge of television is what is critical. Consider Marty Glickmans suggestion that succinctness, self-discipline and awareness of the action are the criteria. Still today the demographics of sportscasters expect pretty much within the purview of white males, aged thirty to fifty. It is found that local/regional sportscasters differ greatly from national network ones, the former being more involved personally wit h the teams. 2. Bruce Garrison shows how sports reporting is becoming more professionallist some examples.We are thought to be in the age of realismwhat Karmer (1987) calls the double whammy of electronic media and tabloid journalism, such that the rules are being rewritten. Print was revolutionized by the world of USA Today especially graphics, statistics, and wide-ranging sports coverage. But so furthest no newspaper has caught on even though The National was well done, sports fans today mostly depend on television and the Internet for their coverage. Television itself has revolutionized sports Instructors Manual 17 coverage, from ABC in the 1970s to the introduction of ESPN and other 24/7 sports channels.We have moved from game stories centered on quotes from players and coaches and postgame trips to the locker room to instant messaging and pragmatism monitoring. It becomes sobering to realize how we are moving from being told about sports to choosing what stories we want to f ollow in other words, we are increasingly becoming more active in the process. 3. Cite some examples of sportscasters as sponsors, and then consider the issue of how some of them become bigger than the events they are covering. Who are homers? Who are former athletes? Who are newsmakers? Include considerations of race, gender, homophobia, and the like.4. What is real relative to sportscasting? What differences are there between how reportage is received from print media, radio or television, the Internet, iPods, and other technologies? Discuss various production techniques, such as slo-mo replays, time-lapse shots, telestrators, wireless microphones, cameras connected to items like pucks, and how they might determine how a story is delivered. And consider how redact and videotaping have revolutionized not only what we see but also when and how we see itremote controls, Tivos, and general zipping and zapping of ads and programs.The potential for great sports viewing, and for learni ng about new sports and other countries sports, is outstandingbut will we settle for the same old/same old? Will we ask more from our sports, and from our sportscasters? Chapter 3 The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 3. 1 Sports Tourism As one of the fastest-growing niche markets in the more than $500 billion tourism industry, sports tourism encourages us to recruit directly, such as on ski trips, at golf or tennis camps, on theme cruises, or as spectators for events such as the Olympic Games, Super Bowl, World Cup, and the like.Tell about your own experience in sports tourism. You might want to refer to some of these books Brabazon, Tara (2006). Playing on the periphery Sport, identity and memory. London Routledge. Gibson, Heather (2006). Sport tourism. New York Routledge. Higham, pile (2004). Sport tourism destinations Issues, opportunities and analysis. Burlington, MA Butterworth-Heinemann. Hinch, Thomas and jam E. S. Higham (2004). Sport tourism development. Clevedon, UK Channel View Books. Hudson, Simon (Ed. ) (2002). Sport and adventure tourism. Binghamton, NY The Haworth Press. Ritchie, Brent W. and Daryl Adair (Eds. ) (2004).Sport tourism Interrelationships, impacts and issues. Oxon, UK Multilingual Matters. Robinson, Tom (2004). Sports tourism An introduction. Boston, MA Thomson Learning. Robinson, Tom, Sean Gammon, and Ian Jones (2003). Sports tourism An Introduction. London Continuum. Rowe, David and Geoffrey Laurence (Eds. ) (2000). Tourism, leisure, sport, and critical perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Ryan, Chris (2003). Recreational tourism Demand and impacts. Celevedon, UK Channel View Publications. 19 20 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Scarrott, Martin (Ed. ) (1999). Sport, leisure and tourism information sources A guide for researchers.Butterworth-Heinemann. Standeven, happiness and Paul DeKnop (1999). Sport tourism. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Turco, Douglas Michele, Roger S. Riley, Kamilla Swart (2002) . Sport tourism. Morgantown, WV physical fitness Information Technology. Van Der Wagen, Lynn (2002). Event management For tourism, cultural, fear, and sporting events. Prentice-Hall. Weed, Mike and Chris slob (2003). Sports tourism Participants, policy and providers. Burlington, MA Butterworth-Heinemann. Exercise 3. 2 The Economics of Sports (book review) From the bibliography, choose a book and critique it, including the following information 1.The book full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations. 2. Author(s) who she or he isprofession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. Frame of reference the writers point of view, or bias. Do you think he or she is qualified to write about this subject? Is the book based on personal experience? 4. Thesis what is the main point here? Why do you think this book was written? Read the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported.5. Evidence what kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are valid? Are the conclusions under- or overstated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to knowledge what does this book add to both your education and that of others who might read it? Who might like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book was it well written? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. Overall personal reaction was reading this book and writing this book report a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Instructors Manual.Bibliography on General Sports Economics 21 Andrews, David L. (Ed. ) (2001). Michael Jordon, Inc Corporate sport, media culture, and late modern America. Albany State University of NY Press. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture Essays on sport in late capitalist America. New York dickhead Lang. Ari s, Stephen (1990). Sportsbiz Inside the sports business. London Hutchinson. Fizel, John, Elizabeth Gustafson, and Lawrence Hadley (Eds. ) (1999). Sports economics Current research. Westport, CT Praeger. Goff, Brian L. and Robert D. Tollison (eds. ) (1990). Sportometrics. College Station, TX Texas A&M UP.Gorman, Jerry and Kirk Calhoun (1994). The name of the game The business of sports. NY John Wiley & Sons. Graham, Peter J. (Ed. ) (1994). Sport business Operational and theoretical aspects. Madison, WI WCB Brown & Benchmark. Hofmann, Dale and Martin J. Greenberg (1989). Sports$biz An impudent look at Big Business in pro sports. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Klatell, David A. and Norman Marcus (1988). Sports for sale Television, money, and the fans. New York Oxford. Rosentraub, Mark S. (1997). Major unite losers The real cost of sports and whos paying for it. New York Basic Books. Sheehan, Richard G.( 1996). belongings score The economics of Big-Time sports. South Bend, IN Diamond C ommunication. Staudohar, Paul D. and James A. Mangan (Eds. ) (1991). The business of professional sports. Urbana, IL University of Illinois Press. Walsh, Adrian (2006). Ethics, money & sport This sporting mammon. New York Routledge. Weiss, Ann E. (1993). Money games The business of sports. Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin. Bibliography on Law/ good Issues Berry, Robert C. and Glenn M. Wong (1993). Law and business of the sports industries Common issues in amateur and professional sports. Westport, CT Praeger. Champion, Walter T. , Jr.(1993).Sports law in a nutshell. St. Paul, MN West Pub. Cotton, Doyice J. and T. Jesse Wilde (1997). Sport law for sport managers. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt. Cozzillio, Michael J. and Mark S. Levinstein (1997). Sports law Cases and materials. Durham, NC Carolina Academic Press. Dougherty, Neil J. (1994). Sport, physical activity, and the law. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics. Fotiades, John M. (1989). Youre the judge How to understand sports, torts & courts. W orcester, MA Edgeworth and North Books. 22 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Greenberg, Martin J. (1993). Sports law practice. Charlottesville, VA Michie Co.Greenfield, Steve and Guy Osborn (Eds. ) (2000). Law and sport in Contemporary society. London Frank Cass. Hladczuk, John (Comp. ) (1991). Sports law and legislation An annotated bibliography. New York Greenwood Press. Jarvis, Robert M. and Phyllis Coleman (1999). Sports law Cases and materials. St. Paul, MN West Group. Jones, Michael E. (1999). Sports law. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. Lowe, Stephen R. (1995). The kid on the sandlot sex act and professional sports, 1910-1922. Bowling Green, OH Bowling Green State University Popular Press. OLeary, John (Ed. ) (2001). Drugs and doping in sport Socio-legal perspectives.London Cavendish. Quirk, Charles (Ed. ) (1996). Sports and the law Major legal cases. New York Garland. Shropshire, Kenneth L. (1990). Agents of opportunity Sports agents and corruption in collegiate sports. Phila delphia, PA University of protoactinium Press. Tokarz, Karen (1986). Women, sports, and the law A comprehensive research guide to sex disparity in sports. Buffalo, NY W. S. Hein. Weiler, Paul C. (2000). Leveling the playing field How the law can makes Sports better for the fans. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP. Weiler, Paul C. and Gary R. Roberts (1993). Cases, materials and problems on sports and the law.St. Paul, MN West Pub. Wong, Glenn M. (1994). Essentials of amateur sports law. Westport, CT Praeger. Wong, Glenn M. and T. Jesse Wilde (1994). The sport lawyers guide to legal periodicals An annotated bibliography. Buffalo, NY W. S. Hein. Yasser, Raymond L. (1985) Torts and sports Legal liability in professional and amateur athletics. Westport, CT Quorum Books. Yasser, Ray, James R. McCurdy, and C. Peter Goplerud (1990). Sports law Cases and materials. Cincinnati, OH Anderson. Bibliography on Sports Marketing/Management Brooks, Christine M. (1994). Sports marketing Competitive business strategies for sports.Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. Cuneen, Jacquelyn and M. Joy Sidwell (1994). Sport management Field experiences. Morgantown, WV seaworthiness Information Technology. DeSensi, Joy T. and Danny Rosenberg (1996). Ethics in sports management. Morgantown, WV Fitness Information Technology. Graham, Stedman, Joe Jeff Goldblatt, and Lisa Delphy Neirotti (2001). The last-ditch guide to sports marketing. New York McGraw-Hill. Howard, Dennis R. and John L. Crampton (1995). Financing sport. Morgantown, WV Fitness Information Technology. Jones, Ian (2003). search methods for sports studies. New York Routledge.Instructors Manual 23 Masteralexis, Lida Pike, Carol A. Barr, and Mary A. Hums (Eds. ) (2004). Principles and practices of sports management. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, MD Aspen. McDonald, Mark A. and George R. Milne (1999). Cases in sports marketing. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett. Miller, Lorik (1997). Sport business management. Gaithersburg, MD Aspen. Milne, Georg e R. and Mark A. McDonald (1999). Sports management Managing the exchange process. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett. Mullin, Bernard J. , Stephen Hardy, and William A. Sutton (1993). Sport marketing. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics.